Copper chloride-amine complexes

The whole procedure, including the filtration, is performed under a nitrogen atmosphere. To a solution of 3.26 g (24.0 mmol) of ( + )-(5 )-l-phenyl-2-propanamine (amphetamine) in 20 mL of methanol is added a solution of 807 mg (6.0 mmol) of copper(II) chloride in 10 mL of methanol at 25 "C with stirring. After 30 min, 432 mg (3.0 mmol) of 2-naphthalenol in 10 mL of methanol are added and the total volume brought up to 60 mL with methanol. After 20 h, the brown precipitate (a binaphthalenol-copper(II) amine complex) is destroyed with 40 mL of 4 N hydrochloric acid. After all of the precipitate is dissolved, 100 mL of water are added and the product crystallizes from the solution. It is isolated by filtration, and dried in vacuo yield 421 mg (98%) 96% ee (T-isomer). 

Copper(II) acetate-Morpholine, 115 Copper(II)-amine complexes, 114-115 Copper(l) bromide, 116-117 Copper(I) bromide-Dimethyl sulfide, 117-118, 235 Copper(II) bromide, 196 Copper(I) f-butoxide, 311 Copper(l) chloride, 118-119, 288 Copper(I) chloride-Tetra-n-butylam-monium chloride, 119... 

In 1960 Hay [30] reported that various diacetylenic compounds undergo oxidative coupling with the aid of copper(I) chloride-amine complexes and oxygen to give polymeric products. 

Aromatic amines form addition compounds and complexes with many inorganic substances, such as ziac chloride, copper chloride, uranium tetrachloride, or boron trifluoride. Various metals react with the amino group to form metal anilides and hydrochloric, sulfuric, or phosphoric acid salts of aniline are important intermediates in the dye industry. 

Polymerization also takes place when 4-halo-2.6-disubstituted phenols are oxidized with copper-amine catalysts and oxygen (5,35). In this case, stoichiometric amounts of copper salt or some other chloride acceptor (inorganic bases or strongly basic amines) are necessary since the amine complexes of copper (II) halides are not catalysts for the polymerization. Blanchard (5) has also described the polymerization of these 4-halo-phenols under conditions similar to those used by Price using certain copper (II) complexes as initiators. 

Phenols such as 2.6-dimethyIphenol are converted rapidly and in high yield to high molecular weight polymers at room temperature with oxygen in the presence of amine complexes of copper salts as catalyst. Much of the work described in the literature has been performed with copper (I) chloride as catalyst and pyridine as ligand and solvent. Other amines, primary, secondary or tertiary can be used as ligands for the catalyst. Autoxidation of copper (I) chloride in pyridine results in the... 

Copper (II) salts have been found to be inactive as catalysts for the reaction with the exception of the copper (II) carboxylates which are considerably less reactive. In addition, the polymerization of 2.6-xylenol in pyridine with copper (II) acetate as catalyst appears to terminate before high molecular weight polymers are formed. However, treatment of an amine complex of a copper (II) salt with an equivalent of a strong gives the active catalyst. Similarly, although copper (II) hydroxide in pyridine is inactive as a catalyst, treatment with an equivalent of hydrogen chloride generates the active catalyst. Hence it can be concluded that the active catalyst is a basic salt (XV). 

Copper Complexes. The preparation of copper and nickel complexes of tridentate metallizable azo and azomethine dyes is easily carried out in aqueous media with copper and nickel salts at pH 4-7 in the presence of buffering agents such as sodium acetate or amines. Sparingly water soluble precursors can be metallized in alkaline medium at up to pH 10 by using an alkali-soluble copper tetram(m)ine solution as coppering reagent, which is available by treating copper sulfate or chloride with an excess of ammonia or alkanolamines [3],... 

The structure of the parent material in this study—due to its uniqueness with respect to its inequivalent chloride ions both as coordinated and lattice chlorides—represents yet still another example of a solid state copper imidazole material. Others include copper(II) perchlorate salts complexed with amines [10] and copper(I) imidazole complexes based on a cavitand ligand design [11], Copper(I) imidazole complexes have been... 

Diethanolamine will react with acids, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, and esters to form amide derivatives, and with propylene carbonate or other cyclic carbonates to give the corresponding carbonates. As a secondary amine, diethanolamine reacts with aldehydes and ketones to yield aldimines and ketimines. Diethanolamine also reacts with copper to form complex salts. Discoloration and precipitation will take place in the presence of salts of heavy metals. 

The third spectrum (c) was obtained from copper chloride dissolved in hydrated trioctylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate in toluene (the mixed extractant). It has a broad maximum absorbance at 725 nm, its symmetry is similar to that of copper carboxylate, and bonding of copper can be assumed to occur via the carboxylic oxygens in a manner similar to that of the dimer. Spectrum (c) bears an even greater similarity to that of the Cu-EDTA complex, the maximum absorption being at 734 nm, and which is known to have a distorted octahedral structure [12]. It is easy to convert the carboxyT ate dimer into a mixed complex. On adding trioctylamine to copper carboxylate, the maximum absorption shifts gradually from 680 to 725 nm. It is assumed that the addition of the amine converts the dimer into a monomer in which copper is bound to four monomeric carboxylic ligands and two amine molecules are located farther away in an axial position. It is of interest to note that the anion of the salt coextracted with the metal ion has no effect on the visible spectrum i.e., it is immaterial whether copper fluoride, chloride, or nitrate is extracted they all have the same spectrum. 

Phosphoric, sulfuric, nitric acids Zinc chloride, thiocyanates, iodides, bromides Organic amines, aminoxides, CH3NH2 Inorganic complexes of cadmium, copper, iron Organic complexes CH3NH2/DMSO Stable compounds esters, ethers Unstable derivatives of... 

Copper chloride coordinated to aminated polystyrene is active in the oxidation of 2,6-dime thy Iphenol (2,6-DMP) to the DPQ [95]. In the mechanism proposed, a fi-peroxocopper(II) complex of the structure ... 

With regard to the catalyst, copper-amine complexes are generally preferred. Suitable complexes are prepared from tertiary amines such as pyridine and cuprous salts such as cuprous chloride. These complexes are soluble in organic media. An important variable is the ratio of amine to cuprous ion a high ratio favours polymerization whilst a low ratio favours quinone formation. Polymerization rate and molecular weight also increase as the ratio increases. 

In acid leaching, sulphuric acid is used in a complex ion-exchange or solvent extraction process to produce yellowcake of very high purity. Various metals (such as vanadium, arsenic, nickel, iron, copper, etc.) may be leached in this process. Chemicals involved in this process include sulphuric acid, ammonium nitrate, sodium chloride, amines, alcohols, kerosene, and ammonia. Considerable process water has to be derived from reclaim water of the tailings and returned to the mine for preparing the slurry. 

The original design and structure of the Statue of Liberty, built about 100 years ago, took into accoimt the need to avoid using different metals in direct contact with each other. However, the salt sea spray penetrated the structure and corroded the iron frame which supported the outer copper shell. Chloride ions catalyzed the corrosion of iron. The use of brass in a steam line valve resulted in corrosion and the formation of a green solid product. The architect was apparently unaware of the standard practice to use amines such as morpholine as a corrosion inhibitor for steam lines. Amines react with copper in the brass at high temperatures in the presence of oxygen to form copper-amine complexes similar to the dark blue copper ammonium complex, Cu(NH3)J. ... 

Complex /c -C,N-[Pd(dmba)Cl(PTA)] (52, dmba = dimethylbenzylamine. Scheme 7.12) and Pd(OAc)2/PTA (1 3 molar ratio) were tested for catalytic Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of aryl bromides and chlorides with terminal alkynes without the need of added copper or amines (Scheme 7.13) [55]. 

Nickel and Cobalt. Often present with copper in sulfuric acid leach Hquors are nickel [7440-02-0] and cobalt [7440-48-4]. Extraction using an organophosphoric acid such as D2EHPA at a moderate (3 to 4) pH can readily take out the nickel and cobalt together, leaving the copper in the aqueous phase, but the cobalt—nickel separation is more difficult (274). In the case of chloride leach Hquors, separation of cobalt from nickel is inherently simpler because cobalt, unlike nickel, has a strong tendency to form anionic chloro-complexes. Thus cobalt can be separated by amine extractants, provided the chloride content of the aqueous phase is carefully controUed. A successhil example of this approach is the Falcon-bridge process developed in Norway (274). 

The major problem of these diazotizations is oxidation of the initial aminophenols by nitrous acid to the corresponding quinones. Easily oxidized amines, in particular aminonaphthols, are therefore commonly diazotized in a weakly acidic medium (pH 3, so-called neutral diazotization) or in the presence of zinc or copper salts. This process, which is due to Sandmeyer, is important in the manufacture of diazo components for metal complex dyes, in particular those derived from l-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid. Kozlov and Volodarskii (1969) measured the rates of diazotization of l-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid in the presence of one equivalent of 13 different sulfates, chlorides, and nitrates of di- and trivalent metal ions (Cu2+, Sn2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2 +, Fe3+, Al3+, etc.). The rates are first-order with respect to the added salts. The highest rate is that in the presence of Cu2+. The anions also have a catalytic effect (CuCl2 > Cu(N03)2 > CuS04). The mechanistic basis of this metal ion catalysis is not yet clear. 

We synthesized uniform CU2O coated Cu nanoparticles from the thermal decomposition of copper acetylacetonate, followed by air oxidation. We successfully used these nanoparticles for the catalysts for Ullmann type amination coupling reactions of aryl chlorides. We synthesized core/shell-like Ni/Pd bimetallic nanoparticles from the consecutive thermal decomposition of metal-surfactant complexes. The nanoparticle catalyst was atom-economically applied for various Sonogashira coupling reactions. 

A bottle of cuprous chloride solution prepared by standing cupric chloride in strong hydrochloric acid over excess copper burst on standing. In the presence of some complexing agents, copper can react with aqueous media to form hydrogen. Slow pressurisation by this means explains the above explosion (Editor s comments). The metal is also known to dissolve in cyanides and some amine solutions. 

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