Copper complexes chlorides

Copper Chloride Complexes with Poly(2-vinylpyridine)... 

Archer C, Vance D (2002) Large fractionation in Fe, Cu and Zn isotopes associated with Archean microhially-mediated sulphides (abstr.). Geochim Cosmochim Acta (suppl.) 66 A26 Archibald SM, Migdisov AA, Williams-Jones AE (2002) An experimental study of the stability of copper chloride complexes in water vapor at elevated temperatures and pressures. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66 1611-1619... 

Copper chloride complexes can be used as catalysts in a number of organic reactions. Examples include the Wacker process, which is the oxidization of ethylene to acetaldehyde by oxygen and aqueous Cu and Pd precatalysts (or, alternatively using iron catalysts) plus the synthesis of acrylonitrile from acetylene and hydrogen cyanide using CuCl. Cuprous chloride has also been used as a desulfiuizmg and... 

Ros, P., Schuit, G. C. A. (1966) Molecular orbital calculations on copper-chloride complexes, Theoret. Chim. Acta 4,1. 

Copper ethylene chemistry is well developed, but reports of polymerizations based upon copper are rare. The amidinate ligand, A/,A/ -ditrimethylsilyl-benzamidinato, has been reported to support copper-catalyzed ethylene polymerizations. It is prepared from hexamethyldisilazane, benzonitrile, and tri-methylsilyl chloride. The resulting copper chloride complex, 2, when activated with methyl-aluminoxane, produced polyethylene with Mv = 820 000 and = 138 In another patent. 

A copper chloride complex was also prepared of formula ... 

The process of choice for acetaldehyde production is ethylene oxidation according to the so-called Wacker-Hoechst process [route (c) in Topic 5.3.2]. The reaction proceeds by homogeneous catalysis in an aqueous solution of HQ in the presence of palladium and copper chloride complexes. The oxidation of ethylene occurs in a stoichiometric reaction of PdQ2 with ethylene and water that affords acetaldehyde, metallic palladium (oxidation state 0), and HQ [step (a) in Scheme 5.3.5). The elemental Pd is reoxidized in the process by Cu(II) chloride that converts in this step into Cu(I) chloride [step (b) in Scheme 5.3.5). The Cu(II) chloride is regenerated by oxidation with air to finally close the catalytic cycle [step (c) in Scheme 5.3.5). 

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