Coordination, loss

Cobalt is one of twenty-seven known elements essential to humans (28) (see Mineral NUTRIENTS). It is an integral part of the cyanocobalamin [68-19-9] molecule, ie, vitamin B 2> only documented biochemically active cobalt component in humans (29,30) (see Vitamins, VITAMIN Vitamin B 2 is not synthesized by animals or higher plants, rather the primary source is bacterial flora in the digestive system of sheep and cattle (8). Except for humans, nonmminants do not appear to requite cobalt. Humans have between 2 and 5 mg of vitamin B22, and deficiency results in the development of pernicious anemia. The wasting disease in sheep and cattle is known as bush sickness in New Zealand, salt sickness in Florida, pine sickness in Scotland, and coast disease in AustraUa. These are essentially the same symptomatically, and are caused by cobalt deficiency. Symptoms include initial lack of appetite followed by scaliness of skin, lack of coordination, loss of flesh, pale mucous membranes, and retarded growth. The total laboratory synthesis of vitamin B 2 was completed in 65—70 steps over a period of eleven years (31). The complex stmcture was reported by Dorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin in 1961 (32) for which she was awarded a Nobel prize in 1964. 

Increased respiration, slight diminution of coordination Loss of ability to think clearly Loss of consciousness, death... 

Other serious effects may include involuntary movements, impaired motor coordination, loss of balance, blepharospasm, facial grimaces, feeling of heaviness in the lower extremities, depression, nightmares, delusions, overstimulation, sleep disturbance, and anger. 

HEALTH SYMPTOMS Inhalation (headache, drowsiness, irritates eyes, skin and mucous membranes) skin (lesions of the skin) eyes (irritates eye membranes) ingestion (headache, vomiting, convulsions, in coordination, loss of consciousness). 

HEALTH SYMPTOMS Inhalation (dizziness, difficult breathing, asphyxiation, loss of equilibrium, in coordination, loss of consciousness, irritates eyes, nose and throat) eyes (slightly irritating and lachrymatory) skin (defatting action, resulting in dermatitis) ingestion (feeling of nausea, other symptoms parallel those of inhalation). 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS headaches numbness weakness dizziness tremors loss of appetite effects on central nervous system deafness loss of muscle coordination loss of visual acuity respiratory effects cardiovascular effects cretinism enlarged thyroid gland congenital hypothyroidism in newborns malformation in fetus low fetal body weights in animals. 

ACUTE HEALTH RISKS irritation of eyes, skin and upper respiratory system dizziness drowsiness headache nausea vomiting excitedness narcosis confusion lack of coordination loss of consciousness death in high concentrations. 

Moreover it was established that silencing of one subunit in T. bruci causes the coordinate loss of both subunits of DNA topoisomerase I as well as results in a rapid reduction in the nthesis of both DNA and RNA of kinetoplastid parasites. ... 

More time consuming due to socializing coordination losses, and need for consensus Inhibition of creativity and decision-making processes possibility of groupthink Less powerful evaluation and rewards social loafing or free-riding may occur Less flexibility in cases of replacement, turnover, or transfer... 

The critical mode of entry into the body is by inhalation. These products generally show inhalation effects similar to anesthetics, causing central nervous system (CNS) depression and some increase in activity with an initial feeling of intoxication and euphoria (psychological effects). Human exposure has shown that the onset of psychomotor effects becomes statistically detectable with fluorocarbon 12 at 1 percent (10 000 ppm) in a 2.5-hour exposure, that is, at ten times the threshold limit value. Under conditions of progressively greater exposure, there occurs loss of coordination, loss of consciousness, and eventually death. No adverse effects... 

---