Convenience users

Light-scattering spectroscopy proved to be a more sensitive method than tur-bidimetry and pNMR. In this method, the intensity of scattered light, rather than the attenuation of the signal intensity (/// ) is measured. The particular geometry of the sample cell and positioning of the detectors also maximize the collection of the scattered light. This technique proved to be very convenient, user-friendly, and reproducible. 

There is usually a correlation between the MPR and the credit quality of the cardholder. Convenience users are not overextended, while cardholders who make the monthly minimum payment have less flexibility in their budget should an interruption in their income occur. Exhibit 13.15 shows that while fluctuating on a month-on-month basis, monthly payment rates overall were relatively stable between January 2000 and September 2002. 

Despite the availability of quite sophisticated fuel cell models with well-written code and convenient user interfaces, the fuel cell developer or engineer must be a critical user. As mentioned above, obtaining experimental data on the behavior of fuel cells (especially internally and at the micro-level) can be difficult, time-consuming, and expensive. Unfortunately this has lead to a dearth of accurate and detailed data of sufficient quality and quantity to allow thorough validation of the mathematical models. Much of the data on fuel cell performance reported in the literature is, while phenomenologically often interesting, insufficiently accurate and accompanied by far too little detail on the test conditions to be usable for model validation. In particular, with much of the cell and stack taken at modest utilization, it is almost impossible to infer kinetic data without spatially resolved data on current density, temperature and species concentrations. As a consequence, the validity of fuel cell models must be critically considered for each use. The user of the model must be thoroughly familiar with the assumptions and limitations embedded in the models. 

It provides a user interface to view the historical data of these systems, allowing one to compare and correlate the data from the various origins. The most convenient user interface is based on web browser technology, similar to the Internet Some of the data are presented to the user as time trends, others as statistical reports over a defined production period. 

Our reviewer felt the molecule builder was easy to use. It is set up for organic molecules. Specialized building modes are available for peptides, nucleotides, and carbohydrates. It is also possible to impose constraints on the molecular geometry. Functions are accessed via a separate window with buttons labeled with abbreviated names. This layout is convenient to use, but not completely self-explanatory. The program is capable of good-quality rendering. At the time of this book s publication, a new three-dimensional graphic user interface called Maestro was under development. 

To keep this book to a convenient size, and bearing in mind that its most likely users will be laboratory-trained, we have omitted manipulative details with which they can be assumed to be familiar, and also detailed theoretical discussion. Both are readily available elsewhere, for example in Vogel s very useful book Practical Organic Chemistry (Longmans, London, 3rd ed., 1956), or Fieser s Experiments in Organic Chemistry (Heath, Boston, 3rd ed, 1957). 

One of the best and most convenient methods of measuring the flow in the terminal is to use the terminal characteristic pressure difference. This requires that the manufacturer of the terminal provide calibration curves, where the flow rate is expressed as the function of the characteristic pressure difference. Some devices have integrated pressure measurement tappings, and the user has only to attach a manometer to measure the pressure difference. 

Automatic systems These require no direct contact between the user and the device reading the code. They provide a high degree of convenience in use. 

It is significant that most of the data from which a remarkable uniformity of attack is deduced are derived from small isolated panels. This is the most convenient form of specimen for measurements of corrosion rates by loss of weight but it eliminates the important effect of galvanic currents passing between remote parts of a large structure. It is believed that the experience of civil engineers and other users would not support the conclusion suggested by panel tests that corrosion is no faster in tropical than in temperate waters. 

For the convenience of users, the refrigerating effect of compressors is usually tabulated (Table 4.1) or given in graphical form (Figure 4.19), and is shown as the net cooling capacity based on the evaporating and condensing temperatures or pressures. Such published data will include absorbed power and indicate any limitations of the application. 

Note-. In newer versions of BASIC, line numbers are no longer needed. Compare this BASIC code to Excel file ELECTRODE.xls to gain a feeling for the difference in approach necessary to obtain the same result on software platforms geared towards efficient and flexible programming, respectively user convenience. 

No autoscaling is available that, while convenient, exposes the individual plot limits and bin boundaries to the vagaries of measurement and sampling noise the user is forced to actively select lower and upper bounds on the subdivided x-range, and the number of bins, to come up with bin boundaries that make sense. 

An attempt has been made to make the input requirements convenient and self-explanatory. The output data are simply printed out at the terminal. No special output programming such as graphics have been supplied since the output requirements will vary strongly with the specific application. The program will run on any IBM-PC or compatible clone using BASICA (note for those users unfamiliar with BASICA, real constants are written with a this does not indicate a factorial expression). 

It should be emphasized that the above equations, which relate reaction temperatures to calculated reactant or product energies, are equivalent to the more conventional linear free energy relationships, which relate logarithms of rate constants to calculated energies. It was felt that reactant temperatures would be more convenient to potential users of the present approach -those seeking possible new free radical initiators for polymerizations. 

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