Control systems future research issues

In our postulation, how to automate machines in terms of operations will soon be a routine problem because of the technological maturity of actuators, sensors, and controllers. The application of automation technology will then focus on the issues of intelligence, integration, and autonomy. Another emerging trend involves the incorporation of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMSs) as sensors and controllers of automation and the microscale. However, education and training of workers who interact with intelligent and autonomous machines may be another important research issue in the future. 

Few, if any, products are administered via the vagina that are intended for systemic absorption. Thus, this route has not been as widely studied and characterized as others. On the other hand, large numbers of different products (douches, spermicides, antiyeast agents, etc.) have been developed that require introduction into the vagina in order to assert their localized effects. Increased research into different birth control and antiviral prophylaxis will result in more vaginal products in the future. All these must be assessed for vaginal irritation potential, and this serves as an example of the other tissue tolerance issues. 

Combustion instability that leads to performance deterioration and excessive mechanical loads, which could result in reduced life and premature failure, is an important issue with modern gas turbine engines and ramjet and scramjet combustors. Various techniques of passive and active control to reduce combustion instabilities and improve performance are addressed. Since extensive, promising research is being carried out to develop sensors and actuators, these techniques can be used in practical combustors in the near future. The topics covered in Section 3 provide the required chemical, kinetic, and fluid dynamic understanding to help the designer who is involved in active feedback control for combustion systems. 

Many issues stiU remain to be resolved in the field of microchip-based SP synthesis. While the reactors can be heated or cooled, a reliable and, possibly, independent temperature control over the wide range of temperature often required in organic synthesis is still problematic. The creation of parallel analytical techniques able to monitor the reactions and determine the strucmres without consuming most of the Ubrary individuals is awaited, and poor solubility of reagents in the reaction mixtures can compromise the quality of the whole synthesis. It is also clear that the information management of a massive parallel system (> 100,000 individuals) where any compound or monomer addition is automatically tracked represents a major task. Nevertheless, this represents an important avenue of research for the future (203), and technological improvements will probably allow the evenmal construction of reliable and flexible microchip-based Ubrary synthesis equipment. 

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