Imaging contrast

Tdrdk P, Sheppard C J R and LaczikZ 1996 Dark field and differential phase contrast imaging modes in confocal microscopy using a half aperture stop Optik 103 101-6... 

There ate four main approaches to x-ray imaging contact radiography, scanning x-ray microscopy, holographic x-ray microscopy, and shadow projection x-ray microscopy. In the future, there will likely be phase-contrast imaging and photoelectron x-ray microscopy. 

Figure 5 Images of a thin region of an epitaxial film of Ge on Si grown by oxidation of Ge-implanted Si (a) conventional TEM phase contrast image with no compositional information and b) high-angle dark-field STEM image showing atomically sharp interface between Si and Ge. (Courtesy of S.J. Pennycook)...

Tamayo, J. and Garcia, R., Effects of elastic and inelastic interactions on phase contrast images in tapping-mode scanning force microscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett., 71(16), 2394-2396 (1997). 

The diffraction patterns of isochiral clusters of tubes with different chiral angles in MWCNTs are superimposed in the composite pattern, the different chiral angles can be measured separately by diffraction contrast imaging [26]. 

FIGURE 2.6 Dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging. Axial images of the brain are acquired repeatedly, in this case every 1.5 seconds. As a bolus of intravenously injected contrast material enters the brain, first arteries, then brain parenchyma, and finally veins demonstrate a transient loss of signal intensity. In this acute stroke patient, hypoperfusion of the left middle cerebral artery territory results in delayed arrival of the contrast bolus and prolonged stasis of contrast within the tissue. 

Rizzo, M. A. and Piston, D. W. (2005). High-contrast imaging of fluorescent protein FRET by fluorescence polarization microscopy. Biophys. J. 88, L14—6. 

Unlike electron and scanning tunneling microscopy, the use of fluorescent dyes in monolayers at the air-water interface allows the use of contrast imaging to view the monolayer in situ during compression and expansion of the film. Under ideal circumstances, one may observe the changes in monolayer phase and the formation of specific aggregate domains as the film is compressed. This technique has been used to visualize phase changes in monolayers of chiral phospholipids (McConnell et al, 1984, 1986 Weis and McConnell, 1984 Keller et al., 1986 McConnell and Moy, 1988) and achiral fatty acids (Moore et al., 1986). 

Volumetric and morphological brain measurements are made with MRI. Modern MRI can produce detailed, high-contrast images of the entire brain in relatively short scan times with no invasive procedures or radioactivity. Thus, it is the modality of choice for detailed neuroanatomic studies in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Many groups have addressed the challenge of how to quantify subtle structural characteristics in the brain that appear to differ consistently between comparison groups. Methods such... 

Where is a convolution integral and FT is the Fourier transform. The phase-contrast imaging performance of an HRTEM is controlled by sin y, which contains the basic phase-contrast sinusoidal terms modified by an envelope... 

High contrast imaging materials, sphere-of- influence and, 19 358 High copper alloys, 7 751 High copper-lead alloys, 14 776 High coppers... 

It is clear that since supported heterogeneous catalysts frequently comprise heavy atom clusters, such as Pt and Pd, distributed over light supports such as charcoal, silica and alumina, Z contrast imaging could be very useful in catalyst studies, particularly for detecting the smaller clusters (< 10A) which are frequently missed by the conventional imaging methods. 

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