Contingency plans equipment

The plan must include a list of all emergency equipment at tlie facility (such as fire cxtinguisliing systems, spill control equipment, internal and external communications and alarm s> stems, and dccontmnination equipment). In addition, the plan must include for each item on the list a physical description, a brief outline of its capabilities, and its location The contingency plan must include an evacuation plan for facility pcrsoiuicl if the possibility exists that e acuation might become neeessary. The evacuation plan must describe signal(s) to be used to begin evacuation, evacuation routes, and alternate e acuation routes (in cases where priniiiry routes could be blocked by releases of hazardous wastes or fires)" ... 

A key part of emergency response is the development of contingency plans for spills. A spill of waste liquids from BGCAPP or PCAPP may cause significant concern on the part of the community. Every effort should be made to avoid such spills, but if one occurs, it should be contained to minimize its impact on the coimnunity. To determine the potential impact of a spill, it is suggested tliat dispersion analyses be conducted for potential spill scenarios and the information be made available for emergency response persormel. Transportation routes should be assessed to minimize the possibility of spills into water. Spill contaimnent equipment should be available to the emergency response teams. 

Studies of several major oil spills in the early 1970s showed that response to these spills suffered not only from a lack of equipment and specialized techniques, but also from a lack of organization and expertise to deal with such emergencies. Since then, contingency plans have evolved and today often cover wide areas and pool national and even international resources and expertise. 

To remain effective, response options detailed in contingency plans must be tested frequently. This testing is conducted by responding to a practice spill as though it were real. This varies from a tabletop exercise to large-scale field exercises in which equipment is deployed and oil is actually spilled and recovered. Such exercises not only maintain and increase the skills of the response personnel, but also lead to improvements and fine tuning of the plan as weaknesses and gaps are identified. 

A PHA has traditionally taken the form of inventorying all the materials and equipment to be used and deciding what are the hazardous elements. Intuition, experience and judgement are applied to determine what can lead to accidents and whether the risk is acceptable or the hazard must be corrected by controls and/or contingency plans. However, a more thorough review can be achieved with the following PHA procedure. 

Wherever possible, there should be a continuous secondary barrier for the entire pipeline system, in the form of jacket pipes, collecting basins, and channels. In some cases, this is not possible because it would impede cathodic corrosion protection or because differential expansion of the pipe and outer jacket threaten the systan. The secondary barrier can then only consist of intensive organizational and operative backup measures shorter inspection periods, shorter distances between shutoff points to limit possible losses, more elaborate provisions for leak detection, continual ronote monitoring of the pipeline systan, both internally and externally, equipment for tackling anergency events and catastrophes, contingency plans, and so forth. 

Constraints with drivers. There is expected to be a shortage of 400,000 drivers by the end of 2013. There are few young drivers fewer than 25 percent of drivers are under the age of 35. There is also an equally concerning shortage of equipment. Companies need to make contingency plans and get ready for the day that they cannot get a truck. 

All emergency equipment listed in the contingency plan must be cleaned and fit for its intended use before operations are resumed. 

Within 17 days, FAA and contractor personnel had completely rebuilt the destroyed communications equipment. The equipment rebuild involved 20 racks of equipment, 835 telecommunications circuits, and more than 10 miles of cable. The dismption cost airlines more than 350 million. It caused many inconveniences for travelers. It led to a thorough review of contingency plans and security risks. After studying the event, FAA implemented many changes to its emergency response plans. =... 

Contingency plans to be used in responding to a potential emergency should be prepared prior to any sampling activity. Sampling personnel should use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Coordination with local response agencies is recommended. 

Where appropriate, a demonstration that containment and/or diversionary structures or equipment are not practical periodic integrity and leak testing of bulk containers and associated valves and piping oil spill contingency plan and a written commitment of manpower, equipment, and materials to quickly control and remove spilled oil. 

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