Contingency planning

Exploration activities are potentially damaging to the environment. The cutting down of trees in preparation for an onshore seismic survey may result in severe soil erosion in years to come. Offshore, fragile ecological systems such as reefs can be permanently damaged by spills of crude or mud chemicals. Responsible companies will therefore carry out an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) prior to activity planning and draw up contingency plans should an accident occur. In Section 4.0 a more detailed description of health, safety and environmental considerations will be provided. 

Because most fuel ethanol manufactured ia the United States is made from com, price plays a cmcial role ia determining the competitive position of ethanol ia an open market. With com priced at about 2.50/bu, the embedded feedstock cost of product ethanol is about 0.14—0.23/L ( 0.52—0.87 gal), depending on over-all yield and by-products ignored (125). Euel ethanol plants may have contingency plans to close if com prices rise to a certain level, eg, 3.50/bu or above (126). 

Groundwater and air quaHty monitoring ate requited for all faciHties that have the potential to generate emissions. There ate also requinements for contingency plans in the case of accidents, closure and post-closure plans, and financial requinements to ensure that closure plans can be foUowed. Permit appHcations must include an estimate of the composition, quantity, concentration, and frequency or rate of disposal, treatment, transport, or storage. 

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)—Contingency Plan and Emergency Procedures EPA 40 CFR part 264 or part 265, Subpart D... 

Apply to all work activities with radioactive materials, including transport. The main provisions relevant to transport are those relating to driver training and the need, under some circumstances, to prepare contingency plans for emergencies and enforced stoppages. 

Oil spill contingency planning tool intended to improve notiHcation of federal and state agencies and improve response and reporting capabilities. 

Develop a contingency plan for responding to collapse or blockage of the Area 2 sewer line from the building to the decant pond... 

The standard requires the supplier to prepare contingency plans to reasonably protect the customer s supply of product in the event of emergency, excluding natural disaster and force majeure. 

Although such events cannot be prevented, their effects can be reduced and in some cases eliminated. Hence contingency plans should cover those events that can be anticipated where the means to minimize the effects are within your control. What may be a force majeure situation for your suppliers does not need to be the same for you. 

Carry out a risk assessment on your utilities, labor force, and suppliers and prepare contingency plans to minimize effect on business continuity. 

Under RCRA. each facility must contain a contingency plan designed to minimize hazards to human hetiltli or tlie enviromiient from fires, explosions, or tuiy unplanned sudden or nonsudden release of hazardous w aste or hazardous waste constituent to air. soil, or surface water. The items tliat follow are applicable to each contingency plan. 

The contingency plan must include an evacuation plan for facility pcrsoiuicl if the possibility exists that c acuation might become necessary. The evacuation plan must describe signal(s) lo be used to begin evacuation, evacuation routes, and alternate c acuation routes (in cases where prinuiry routes could be blocked by releases of hazardous wastes or fires) ... 

Copies of the contingency plan and all its revisions must be maintained at the facility as well as submitted lo all local police departments, fire departments, hospitals, and slate and local emergency response teams. 

The development of tlie emergency planning and response actions under CERCLA is based primarily on a national contingency plan that was developed under the Clean Water Act. Although the actions of CERCLA liave the capabilities to handle haziirdous and toxic releases, tlie act was primarily directed tow ard the cleanup of abandoned haztirdous waste sites. 

SIPs are intended to prevent air pollution emergency episodes. The phms are directed toward preventing excessive buildup of air pollutants tliat me known to be harmful to the population and the enviroiunent when concentrations exceed certain limits. The compounds affected under the implementation plans are sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, ctirbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. A contingency plan, which will outline the steps to be taken in tlie event tliat a particular pollutant concentration reaches tlie level at wliich it can be considered to be hannful, must be included in each implementation plan. The implementation plans are solely based on tlie continuous emission of tlie previously stated air pollutants. They do not mandate any actions to be taken in tlie event of an accidental toxic release. 

Slates are required to propose implementation plans, SIPs, for tlie prevention of air pollution emergency episodes. Each implementation plan must include a contingency plan, wlrich will outline tlie steps to be taken in tlic event tliat a particular pollutiuit concentration reaches the level at wliich it can be considered to be liarmful. 

As a result of tlie Clean Water Act, contingency plans were to be developed to facilitate tlie establislunent and designation of strike forces in tlie event of an emergency, and to set up a system of surveillance and notice. 

Content of Contingency Plans, 40 Code of Federal Regulations, Federal Register, p. 27480, Washington, DC, May 20, 1981. 

Contingency planning (both persoiuicl and community) Waste disposal... 

Business concerns include company reliance on the system, the establishment of contingency plans, and protection of assets. 

To minimize the time needed to make a decision on the response to choose in a detection-based defensive strategy, it is necessary to have contingency plans in place for responding appropriately to the alarm situations likely to be encountered. These plans should include an array of options of graduated intensity keyed to the quality of information available. They should include emergency changes to the operation of the HVAC system, evacuation of potentially... 

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