Flat control

Going back many years, we saw levelers strictly as machines to make out-of-flat metal flatter. In the stamping process today, we see them as shape control rather than fancy flattening or leveling machines. Shape or flatness control is the issue. Consistency of stamped parts is the result. 

Flatness control. The very nature of plastics processing makes absolute flatness a virtual impossibility. Therefore, flatness specifications must take this factor into account. However, most plastics are flexible to some degree, thus they will conform to the shape of the mating part, making absolute flatness unnecessary. Flatness recommendations for each material are provided in the tolerance charts discussed in Sec. 8.2.8 under Dimensional Control. Nonetheless, plastic parts are process sensitive and there must be limits or the parts can go out of control and proper fitments can be jeopardized. The following flatness specification is recommended Part must be flat within. XXX in. (or within. XXX in/in). 

Flatness Control 1 Containment isolation system 2 Containment hner P The isolation system automatically butUms up the containment ventilation system, wall penetrations of process pipmg and airlocks and hatches... 

Previous studies with different types of fibroblasts on substrata with nano-features have shown a similar behavior to that observed for osteoblasts [12,14,21]. After several days of eulture the number of fibroblasts was signilieantly lower than that found on flat control substrata. Drawing a conclusion from the observations made for osteoblasts and fibroblasts, it seems to be a general tendeney that eertain nano-features reduce cell attaehment and proliferation, independently of the cell type. The influenee of nano-features on the cell behavior ean be explained by several different possible mechanisms. 

This article presents methods of synthesis and objective control of special flat optical elements (computer-synthesized holograms) as elements of protection. Due to the limited number of pages, we cannot go into great detail to explain the technology of how computer-synthesized holograms are created. The goal of this publication is to discuss following subjects ... 

This paper deals with the control of weld depth penetration for cylinders in gold-nickel alloy and tantalum. After introducing the experimental set-up and the samples description, the study and the optimization of the testing are presented for single-sided measurements either in a pulse-echo configuration or when the pump and the probe laser beams are shifted (influence of a thermal phenomenon), and for different kind of laser impact (a line or a circular spot). First, the ultrasonic system is used to detect and to size a flat bottom hole in an aluminium plate. Indeed, when the width of the hole is reduced, its shape is nearly similar to the one of a slot. Then, the optimization is accomplished for... 

Many forms and sizes of magnetic stirring apparatus are available commercially. These include those fitted with an electric hot plate attached to the flat top the hot plate is controlled by an energy regulator or variable transformer (Variac). 

Several striking examples demonstrating the atomically precise control exercised by the STM have been reported. A "quantum corral" of Fe atoms has been fabricated by placing 48 atoms in a circle on a flat Cu(lll) surface at 4K (Fig. 4) (94). Both STM (under ultrahigh vacuum) and atomic force microscopy (AFM, under ambient conditions) have been employed to fabricate nanoscale magnetic mounds of Fe, Co, Ni, and CoCr on metal and insulator substrates (95). The AFM has also been used to deposit organic material, such as octadecanethiol onto the surface of mica (96). New appHcations of this type of nanofabrication ate being reported at an ever-faster rate (97—99). 

Control cabinet 2, extmder 3, flat die 4, chill roU 5, septet (seven roUs) 6, hot plate 7, septet (seven roUs) 8, heat-setting oven 9, trio (three roUs) 10,... 

Although the temperature can be controlled with a weU-designed air-conditioning system, the small fluctuations which most cycling systems cause may be very harmful. The temperature—time record should be a continuous, flat graph. 

Fig. 8. Microhardness profile across interfaces of two types of explosion clads that show widely divergent response resulting from the inherent cold-work hardening characteristics where Q represents the 3.2-mm type 304L stainless/28.6-mm, A 516-70 control (before cladding) ( ) = clad + flat ...

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