Consequence analysis safety

The results from the consequence analysis step are estimates of the statistically expected exposure of the target population to the hazard of interest and the safety/health effects related to that level of exposure. For example ... 

Meihem, G., et al. 1997, Explosions and Energetic Events (EEE) Modeling Guidance for Accident Consequence Mid Safety Analysis, Draft Report, A.D. Little Inc., January. 

The objective of consequence analysis is to evaluate the safety (or quality) consequences to the system of any human errors that may occur. Consequence Analysis obviously impacts on the overall risk assessment within which the human reliability analysis is embedded. In order to address this issue, it is necessary to consider the nature of the consequences of human error in more detail. 

Other possible preliminary safety analysis methods are concept safety review (CSR), critical examination of system safety (CE), concept hazard analysis (CHA), preliminary consequence analysis (PCA) and preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) (Wells et al., 1993). These methods are meant to be carried out from the time of the concept safety review until such time as reasonably firm process flow diagrams or early P I diagrams are available. 

CCPS 1999b. Guidelines for Consequence Analysis of Chemical Releases. New York American Institute of Chemical Engineers-Center for Chemical Process Safety. 

The analysis of the potential consequences of an accident is a useful way of understanding the relative inherent safety of process alternatives. These consequences might consider, for example, the distance to a benchmark level of damage resulting from a fire, explosion, or toxic material release. Accident consequence analysis is of particular value in understanding the benefits of minimization, moderation, and limitation of effects. This discussion includes several examples of the use of potential accident consequence analysis as a way of measuring inherent safety, such as the BLEVE and toxic gas plume model results shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6. 

Appendices B and C of the OSHA Process Safety Management standard provide some guidance concerning the elements of the OSHA standard and, therefore, of similar elements of the EPA standard. To assist in compliance with the Offsite Consequence Analysis element of the EPA standard, dispersion-analysis Reference Tables 1 through 22 and calculation-methods Appendices A through E are provided in the accompanying rule [9]. 

NUCLEAR HAZARD CATEGORY 3 FACILITIES. Minimal hazard and accident analyses are required. PrHA should provide information to the safety analysis on release mechanisms, engineering analysis, and consequence analysis. 

Three hazard analysis techniques are currently used widely Fault Tree Analysis, Event Tree Analysis, and HAZOP. Variants that combine aspects of these three techniques, such as Cause-Consequence Analysis (combining top-down fault trees and forward analysis Event Trees) and Bowtie Analysis (combining forward and backward chaining techniques) are also sometimes used. Safeware and other basic textbooks contain more information about these techniques for those unfamiliar with them. FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) is sometimes used as a hazard analysis technique, but it is a bottom-up reliability analysis technique and has very limited applicability for safety analysis. 

Because safety consequences are potentially so serious, they are generally given the most attention during the analyses of hazards and their consequences. Indeed, safety is often the only topic looked at during a risk analysis. The assumption is that a safe operation will also be environmentally clean and economically efficient. 

D. Carlson, M. Young, L. Lazarev, B. Petrov, V. Romanovsky, Overview of Sandia National Laboratories and Khlopin Radium Institute Collaborative Radiological Accident Consequence Analysis Efforts, Nuclear Materials Safety Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998, p. 333. 

Reliability and Safety Data Collection and Analysis Fault Identification and Diagnostics Maintenance Modelling and Optimisation Structural Reliability and Design Codes Software Reliability Consequence Modelling Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis Safety Culture Organizational Learning Human Factors... 

The distributed database approach for a WSN, which would thus enable the employment of measuring and analysis techniques of the DQ dimensions, is an option for improving the quality, the reliability and, consequently, the safety aspects of the system. 

ABSTRACT A procedure was set up to derive, evaluate and formalize piobit functions for use in quantitative risk analysis in the framework of external safety in the Netherlands. Probit functions for substances are either derived under the authority of RIVM or by an interested party such as industry. The method for deriving human probit functions from animal toxicity data was laid down by a newly installed scientific expert panel. Proposed probit functions are subject to a puhUc comment period. Next, the probit functions are scientifically evaluated by the expert panel. If a probit function is approved on scientific grounds, the Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment decides if and when it will be implemented, taking the results of a consequence analysis into account. This paper presents the current state of affairs regarding the derivation, evaluation and formalization of new and revised probit functions. 

Woodward, J. and Pitbaldo, R. LNG Risk Based Safety Modeling and Consequence Analysis, John Wiley Sons, 2010. 

Stages Safety Review Checklist Relative Ranking Preliminary Hazard Analysis What-if Checklist HAZOP FMEA Cause- Consequence Analysis Human Reliability Analysis Fault Tree Event Tree... 

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