Poly proton-conducting polymer

K. Miyatake, H. Iyotani, K. Yamamoto, E. Tsuchda, Synthesis of poly(phenylene sulfite sulfonic acid) via poly(sulfonium cation) as a thermostable proton-conducting polymer, Macmmolecules, 1996, 29, 6969 K. Miyatake, K. Shouji, K. Yamamoto, E. Tsuchda, Synthesis and proton conductivity of highly sulfonated poly(thiopheny-lene), Macmmolecules, 1997, 30, 2941 K. Miyatake, K. Fukushima, S. Takeoka and... 

Among the proton-conducting membranes, Nafion or Nafion-like sulfonated perfluorinated polymers should also be mentioned. These materials are used for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) FCs, and in addition to being chemically very stable, they exhibit high proton conductivity at temperatures lower than 100°C. It is believed that permeability and thermal stability may be increased if tailor-made lamellar nanoparticles are added to a proton-conducting polymer. The sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (S-PEEK) type of polymers is also widely reported as an alternative to fluorinated polymers such as Nafion or Hyflon [51]. 

K. Miyatake, Y. Chikashige, M. Watanabe, Novel sulfonated poly(arylene ether) A proton conductive polymer electrolyte designed for fuel cells. Macromolecules 2003, 36(26), 9691-9693. 

Proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes based on ACPs such as S-PPBP and sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfide) contain rather large amoimts of bound water. This seems to be the reason for such a sahent featme of these membranes as an increased proton conductivity at high temperatmes and/or low humidities. This conclusion was confirmed by the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies of these systems [7]. 

Sellam, and S. A. Hashmi. 2013. High rate performance of flexible pseudocapacitors fabricated using ionic-liquid-based proton conducting polymer electrolyte with poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate) and its hydrous ruthenium oxide composite electrodes. ACS Applied Materials Interfaces 5 3875-3883. 

Others crosslinking agent include poly(styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PVA/PSSA-MA) and poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) (PVA/PAA-MA). Blending of PVA with sulfonated proton-conducting polymers, like sPEEK, Nafion, PSSA, is another approach to achieve the high conductivity requirements... 

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes, on the other hand, have much better chemical and thermal stabilities than PSSA, but is not a proton conducting polymer. A composite membrane of polyvinylidene fluoride -hexafluoropropyl ene (PVDF-HFP) with sulfonated silica was prepared [485] with proton conductivity up to 40 mS.cm and good relative selectivity (fi, >3), which delivers 43 mW.cm in a DMFC at 80 °C. However, the most studied PVDF composites membranes, are those prepared with PSSA [486—488], poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl propylene sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) [489]. 

T. Kobayashi, M. Rikukawa, K. Sanui, N. Ogata, Proton-conducting polymers derived from poly(ether-etherketone) and poly(4-phenoxybenzoyl-l,4-phenylene, Sol. State Ion., 106(1998)219-225... 

G. Ye, N. Janzen, G.R. Goward, Solid-state NMR study of two classic proton conducting polymers NAFION and sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)s. Macromolecules 39 (2006) 3283—3290. 

Yamada M, Honma I (2005) Anhydrous proton conducting polymer electrolytes based on poly (vinylphosphonic acid)-heterocycle composite material. Polymer 46 2986-2992... 

Sevil F, Bozkurt A (2004) Proton conducting polymer electrolytes on the basis of poly (vinylphosphonic acid) and imidazole. J Phys Chem Solids 65 1659-1662... 

Lee YJ, Bingol B, Murakhtina T et al (2007) High-resolution solid-state NMR sturlies of poly(vinyl phosphonic acid) proton-conducting polymer molecular structure and proton dynarrtics. J Phys ChemB 111 9711-9721... 

Abstract During the last two decades, extensive efforts have been made to develop alternative hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte membranes to overcome the drawbacks of the current widely used perfluorosulfonic acid Nafion. This chapter presents an overview of the synthesis, chemical properties, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell applications of new proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes based on sulfonated poly(arylene ether ether ketone) polymers and copolymers. 

Over the last decade, several new proton exchange membranes have been developed. The new polymers in fuel cell applications are based mostly on hydrocarbon structures for the polymer backbone. Poly(styrene sulfonic acid) is a basic material in this field. In practice, poly(styrene sulfonic acid) and the analogous polymers such as phenol sulfonic acid resin and poly(trifluorostyrene sulfonic acid), were frequently used as polymer electrolytes for PEMFCs in the 1960s. Chemically and thermally stable aromatic polymers such as poly(styrene) [ 3 ], poly(oxy-1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylenecarbony 1-1,4-phenylene) (PEEK) [4], poly(phenylenesulfide) [5], poly(l,4-phenylene) [6, 7], poly (oxy-1,4-phe-nylene) [8], and other aromatic polymers [9-11], can be employed as the polymer backbone for proton conducting polymers. These chemical structures are illustrated in Fig. 6.2. 

K. Miyatake, H. lyotani, K. Yamamoto, E. Tsuchida, Synthesis of poly(phenylene sulfide sulfonic acid) via poly(sulfonium cation) as a thermostable proton-conducting polymer. Macromolecules 29(21), 6969-6971 (1996). 

Liew C-W, Ramesh S, Arof AK (2014) A novel approach on ionic liquid-based poly(vinyl alcohol) proton conductive polymer electrolytes for fuel cell appUcations. Int J Hydrog Energy 39(6) 2917-2928. doi 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.07.092... 

Sellam HSA (2013) High rate performance of flexible pseudocapacitors fabricated using ionic-liquid-based proton conducting polymer electrolyte with poly(3,... 

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