Poly conductivity ranges

As mentioned in the introduction, the electrical conductivity upon doping is one of the most important physical properties of conjugated polymers. The conductivity ranges from lOOOOOS/cm for iodine-doped polyacetylene [41], 1000 S/cm for doped and stretched polypyrrole [42], to 500 S/cm for doped PPP [43], 150 S/cm for hydrochloric acid doped and stretched polyaniline [44], and 100 S/cm for sulfuric acid doped PPV [45] to 50 S/cm for iodine-doped poly thiophene [46]. The above listed conductivities refer to the unsubstituted polymers other substitution patterns can lead to different film morphologies and thus to a different electrical conductivity for the same class of conjugated polymer in the doped state. 

In general, polymers are insulating materials having conductivities ranging from 10 ° (fl cm)" for poly(vinyl chloride) to 10" (ft cm) for poly(tetrafluoroethylene), which are many orders of magnitude below the conductivities associated with metals (Figure 1.13). Indeed, low conductivity (and consequent low dielectric constant) is one of the major reasons polymers have found widespread acceptance in a myriad of insulating and structural... 

The electrochemical polymerization of aniline-2,5-disulfonic acid (ADSA) is performed by applying a constant current density of 0.3 mA cm on a Pt plate electrode in 0.1 M monomer containing 0.5 M HCl electrolyte. The polymerization is carried out at room temperature under inert atmosphere. After polymerization, ethanol is added to precipitate the polymer from solution, and the polymer is vacuum dried at 70 °C for 24 h. The molecular weight of the poly(ADSA) obtained varies from 5000 to 12000 depending on synthetic conditions, and the conductivity ranges in between 0.04 and 0.3 S cm , which is also independent up to pH 10." ... 

In the field of conjugated polymers, poly(/ -phenylene) (PPP) continues to receive considerable attention due to its outstanding physical and chemical properties. In particular, it is known for its exceptional thermal stability in the neutral state, its resistance to environmental oxidation and irradiation, its very wide conductivity range (from 10 S cm in the pristine form to more than 10 S cm in the doped state), the... 

Okubo et al. [87] used AIBN and poly(acrylic acid) (Mw = 2 X 10 ) as the initiator and the stabilizer, respectively, for the dispersion polymerization of styrene conducted within the ethyl alcohol/water medium. The ethyl alcohol-water volumetric ratio (ml ml) was changed between (100 0) and (60 40). The uniform particles were obtained in the range of 100 0 and 70 30 while the polydisperse particles were produced with 35 65 and especially 60 40 ethyl alcohol-water ratios. The average particle size decreased form 3.8 to 1.9 /xm by the increasing water content of the dispersion medium. 

Sloop and Lerner [132] showed that SEI formation can be affected by treatment of the cross-linked polymer, poly-[oxymeth-ylene oligo(oxyethylene)] (PEM) with an alkylating agent. Cross-linked films of PEM do not form a stable interface with lithium however, upon treatment with methyl iodide, / Ej stabilizes at 2000 Hem"1. Such an SEI is characterized by low conductivity, from 10 to 10 Q-Icm2, which is linear over the temperature range of 25-85 °C. 

Figure 4. (A) Cyclic voltammograms over a range of scan rates for a redox polymer (poly-[Fe 5-amino-1,10-phenanthrotme)3]3+/>)91 and (B) p-doping and undoping of a conducting polymer (polypyrrole) (B). [(A) Reprinted from X. Ren and P. O. Pickup, Strong dependence of the election hopping rate in poly-tris(5-amino-1,10-phenan-throline)iron(HI/II) on the nature of the counter-anion J. Electroanal. Chem. 365, 289-292,1994, with kind permission from Elsevier Sciences S.A.]...

---