Concentrated sugars

Arrhenius devised demonstrations to support his ideas. The diagrams illustrate two of these. Layers of acetic acid solution and pure water, separated by a thin layer of concentrated sugar solution, show low conductivity. When the layers are mixed, the conductivity increases. To Arrhenius, this demonstrated that diluting acetic acid leads to more dissociation into ions. Layers of solutions of silver sulfate and barium... 

Precautions must be taken to prevent contact between people and hot equipment or products. There is a particular risk with concentrated sugar-containing syrups or jam as they not only have a high boiling point but they are by nature sticky and a splash will tend to adhere. 

Hills, B.P., Wang, Y.L., and Tang, H.R. 2001. Molecular dynamics in concentrated sugar solutions and glasses An NMR field cycling study. Mol. Phy. 99, 1679-1687. 

Why do concentrated sugar solutions have a high viscosity ... 

This work also suggests other research and development directions needed to bring the price of ethanol down to an automotive fuel level. We need a lower capital cost hydrolysis process which can produce a concentrated sugar solution. We also need a fermentation process adaptable to concentrated sugar solutions to lower alcohol purification costs. Finally we need to recover and include by-product values - lignin, furfural, acids, methanol, etc. -in our income. 

Syrup Concentrated sugar solution to preserve infusion... 

S5 ps are the liquid oral preparation made in concentrated sugar solution, mainly for paediatric use and for drugs which are unpleasant in taste. 

Further information on the kinetics of crystallization is helpful in designing improved processes for lactose recovery. Many potential food applications, such as in confectionary products, involve concentrated sugar solutions in which crystallization imparts the desired texture to the product. 

Industrial caramel, known from the beginning to be essentially a mixture of burnt sugar polymers (Salamon, 1900), arises from the controlled action of heat on dry sugar or concentrated sugar solutions with or without acid,... 

Thus, as first indicated, the salting-out effect on impurities of concentrated sugar solutions will allow the refining of a sugar syrup by simple evaporation of a sugar juice expressed from cane to a total solids content of more than 50% and subsequent extraction with acetone, either at the point of production or at a refinery to which the raw syrup is shipped in tankers. A refined syrup or sugar then can be made mode cheaply than by present methods. 

However, it should be pointed out that Soesanto and Williams (1981) also determined the values of the glass transition temperature of the very high concentration sugar solutions (91.9-97.6% by weight) by regression techniques and not experimentally. 

For highly concentrated sugar solutions, e.g. in the separation of glucose and fructose, density detectors are often used. Again, these solvent sensitive detectors can only be used under isocratic conditions, as any change in mobile phase composition will also change the detector signal. 

Many concentrated solutions are highly viscous. For example, a concentrated sugar solution can have a viscosity that is 10 times larger than water. If the concentrated solution is highly viscous, the velocity of rising bubbles will be very small and the heat transfer coefficient will also suffer. 

Chirife, J., Gonzalez, H.H.L., and Resnik, S.L. On water dynamics and germination time of mold spores in concentrated sugar and polyol solution, Food Res. Int., 28, 531,1996. 

Many fruits can be preserved by candying. The fruit is immersed in a highly concentrated sugar solution, then the sugar is allowed to crystallize. How does the sugar preserve the fruit ... 

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