Computer-Based Data Systems

Mass Calibration (time-of-flight) A means of determining m/z values from their times of detection relative to initiation of acquisition of a mass spectrum. Most commonly this is accomplished using a computer-based data system and a calibration file obtained from a mass spectrum of a compound that produces ions whose m/z values are known. 

Treatment 2 Get an integrator or a computer-based data system. Put the strip chart back on the GC or trash it. 

At the initiation of this study, a computer based data system designed to plot data points versus time and determine peak areas was made operational. 

Ideally, electronic and computer-based data systems should be e-compatible with the innovator lab. 

The sample is introduced to the source by one of a variety of inlet systems here it is ionised and the resulting ions are accelerated through a known potential. Discrimination on the basis of mass-to-charge ratio takes place in the magnetic analyser the electrostatic analyser aids resolution. Detection is achieved by an electron multiplier, and the resulting signal is analysed by a computer-based data system. The mass spectrum is a plot of the relative abundance of ions versus their relative molecular mass. The standard for molecular mass is a value of exactly 12 for... 

Radiofrequency spectroscopy (NMR) was introduced in 1946 [158,159]. The development of the NMR method over the last 30 years has been characterised by evolution in magnet design and cryotechnology, the introduction of computer-based operating systems and pulsed Fourier transform methods, which permit the performance of new types of experiment that control production, acquisition and processing of the experimental data. New pulse sequences, double-resonance techniques and gradient spectroscopy allow different experiments and have opened up the area of multidimensional NMR and NMRI. 

Simply, SCADA is a computer-based control system that remotely controls processes previously controlled manually. The philosophy behind SCADA control systems can be summed up by the phrase, If you can measure it, you can control it. SCADA allows an operator using a central computer to supervise (control and monitor) multiple networked computers at remote locations. Each remote computer can control mechanical processes (mixers, pumps, valves, etc.) and collect data from sensors at... 

Obtairiing kinetic data is very tedious, and it requires great care to avoid both random and systematic errors. For this reason, it is very common to assemble computer-based data acquisition systems, frequently with simple personal computers equipped with data acquisition analog-to-digital capabilities and graphics. These computers can be programmed patienfly to acquire the necessary data, make frequent calibrations, vary parameters such as temperature and concentration, analyze data statistics, and print out parameters. 

In analogy to other modern analytical instruments, a computer-based data processing and evaluation system is inserted in all mass spectrometers constructed today. All processes, from sample introduction using an autosampler, e.g., in an ICP-MS, to optimization of experimental parameters in the ion source, ion extraction, separation of ion beams and their registration, the vacuum system and the whole measurement procedure are supported and controlled by a fast and powerful... 

Algorithm development in the areas of computer editing, data base management, sorting, computer-based composition, and text searching have been critical to the overall development of computer-based primary and secondary publications systems and text search services. Results of these developments are illustrated in the computer-based information system used at Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) [ 1]. Lynch [2J describes principles and techniques for the computer-based information services and... 

The Type II system comes in two flavors. They vary by the type of gradient pumping system they contain low-pressure mixing or high-pressure mixing. The rest of the system is the same injector, variable detector, and computer-based data acquisition and control. Autosamplers would allow 24-hr operation, but most university research laboratories find graduate students to be less expensive. 

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometer consists of gas chromatograph, mass spectrometer and computer-based data acquisition systems. Since success... 

Note that, in practice, provided that the potential relaxation is covered over five or six decades of time (not difficult with modern digital oscilloscopes and computer-based recording systems), —dV/dlnt for t > t can easily be evaluated. Alternatively, t can be empirically evaluated and plots of V versus ln(t -I- t) made. Evaluation of t can be avoided completely, if desired, by plotting the potential relaxation data in terms of n — dV/dt) vesus V, as follows from Eq. (60) with Eq. (68) or (69). 

The heart of this facility is a refractory-lined reactor cylinder with 20 cm in-diameier and a total height of about 6.5 m. The internal refractory forms two concentric cylinders (each one of thickness 6.5 cm) with different thermal conductivity and wearing properties. Additionally, the reactor tube, the cyclone and the recycling line are protected with outside insulation in order to minimise heat losses. The gasifier components (raiser, cyclone and standpipe) are equipped with ten thermocouples (K-type) and pressure transducers. The thermocouples probes are connected to a computer based data acquisition and control system. In addition, the feed rates of gasification... 

Computer tapes can be purchased providing information on the physical properties of large numbers of compounds, and immediate access to computer-based information systems via the telephone can be obtained from computer service bureaus. Table 4.7 lists a number of such programs and data bases. 

Sophisticated computer-based data monitoring systems may be installed, with which preventive maintenance is planned by trend logging (This type of system is commonly referred to as a building management system (BMS), building automation system (BAS) or system control and data acquisition (SCADA) system.)... 

Spectra. The energy spectrum is collected from the particles emitted from all depths simultaneously using a silicon surface barrier detector, electronic amplifiers, an analog-to-digital converter and a multichannel analyzer. A reference pulse is fed into the electronics to monitor the stability of the system thus allowing corrections to be made should electronic drift occur during the course of the measurement. Specific systems are described in the references (1 -4,6,7,12-17). By using computer-based data acquisition systems, the depth profile can be displayed at the time of analysis. 

---