Computational fluid dynamics Conductivity model

So far, some researchers have analyzed particle fluidization behaviors in a RFB, however, they have not well studied yet, since particle fluidization behaviors are very complicated. In this study, fundamental particle fluidization behaviors of Geldart s group B particle in a RFB were numerically analyzed by using a Discrete Element Method (DEM)- Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) coupling model [3]. First of all, visualization of particle fluidization behaviors in a RFB was conducted. Relationship between bed pressure drop and gas velocity was also investigated by the numerical simulation. In addition, fluctuations of bed pressure drop and particle mixing behaviors of radial direction were numerically analyzed. 

Akbar and Ghiaasiaan [10] conducted computational fluid dynamics simulations to model a unit cell (one bubble and two half-liquid slugs) in a capillary of 1 mm diameter. Their numerical results, as well as experimental data from previous investigators, were predicted well by the following equation ... 

Many specihc examples of heat transfer may need to be considered in board design and, of course, most examples involve both conductive and convective transfer. For example, the air gap between the bottom of a standard SMD and the board affects the thermal resistance from the case to ambient, . A wider gap will result in a higher resistance, due to poorer convective transfer, whereas filling the gap with a thermal-conductive epoxy will lower the resistance by increasing conductive heat transfer. Thermal-modeling software is the best way to deal with these types of issues, due to the rigorous application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) (Lee, 1994). 

Failure analysis of the failed MEAs indicated the fuel inlet region as the failure area. Links between the failure and specific features of the flow channel design were investigated through computational fluid dynamics modeling techniques to determine the most likely contributing factors, such as reactant and coolant channel locations, plate conductivity and interactions with the MEA thermal properties. The predicted maximum membrane-electrode interface temperature rose from 87 °C to 99.5 °C due to air bleed introduction, resulting in a hot spot consistent with the observed failnre. 

Subchannel analysis models have been investigated for CSRIOOOEA by using the experimental data available and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code (Du et al., 2013). The analysis results are used to improve a subchannel code. The steady-state subchannel analysis is conducted on the CSRIOOO FA to obtain the temperature distribution of coolant and cladding and pressure drop in the FA. The results show that smaller pitch will flatten the profile of the coolant temperature and reduce maximum cladding surface temperatures, but it increases the pressure drop in the assembly. 

In section 14.2.3.1 we saw that macroscopic fire models have been developed to treat the problem of heat conduction in three dimensions, (see [29]), so that the methodology and software for creating such models is already well-established. Computational fluid dynamics, CFD, and finite element/volume, (FE/FV), techniques are specifically designed to deal with problems of heat transfer in solids and bulk fluids, and are, at present, almost standard tools within the process industries as aids to chemical reactor visualization and design. However,... 

This feattire conducts water and salt removal. The vanes, which are constructed from corrosion-resistant marine grade aluminum (other materials are available), are produced with a profile that allows the maximum removal of salt and water, yet produces an extremely low pressure loss. This optimal profile has been achieved by the very latest design methods, and in particular by utilizing a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) flow modeling system. Hydra also incorporates a unique and novel method of separating water droplets from the air stream, and this has led to improvements in bulk water removal compared with conventional methods. 

We have presented EMD and NEMD simulation algorithms for the study of transport properties of liquid crystals. Their transport properties are richer than those of isotropic fluids. For example, in a uniaxially symmetric nematic liquid crystal the thermal conductivity has two independent components and the viscosity has seven. So far the different algorithms have been applied to various variants of the Gay-Beme fluid. This is a very simple model but the qualitative features resembles those of real liquid crystals and it is useful for the development of molecular dynamics algorithms for transport coefficients. These algorithms are completely general and can be applied to more realistic model systems. If the speed of electronic computers continues to increase at the present rate it will become possible to study such systems and to obtain agreement with experimental measurements in the near future. 

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