Composition research needs

Although considerable research has been conducted with Pd-alloy foils, tubes, and thinner composite membranes, long-term durability and stability need to be further demonstrated, especially in the fuel reforming or WGS operating conditions, for acceptance of this technology in a commercial sector. Furthermore, mass-scale and cost-effective production of industrial-scale Pd-alloy thin-film composite membranes need to be demonstrated to be competitive in the hydrogen production and purification market. 

Plueddemann, E.P. (1988). Present status and research needs in silane coupling. In Proc. ICCI-II, Interfaces in Polymer, Ceramic and Metal Matrix Composites. (H. Ishida ed.), Elsevier Sci. Pub. New York. pp. 17-33. 

Schuetzle, D W. O. Siegl, T. E. Jensen, M. A. Dearth, E. W. Kaiser, R. Gorse, W. Kreucher, and E. Kulik, The Relationship between Gasoline Composition and Vehicle Hydrocarbon Emissions—A Review of Current Studies and Future Research Needs, Environ. Health Perspec., 102, 3-12 (1994). 

Tn spite of intensive research by countless numbers of capable scientists for the past 30 years our methods for precise separation and characterization of larger molecules do not have the discrimination needed to solve many of the problems now posed by what we have already learned about the behavior of such substances. This is true even with naturally occurring biopolymers where the amazing selectivity of the synthetic processes of living tissues permits the isolation of preparations which show the behavior expected if the individual molecules of the preparation should be really all of the same size, shape, and composition. Research with biopolymers can therefore be considered in a different category from that so important for industrial polymers since in many cases it relates to single molecular species. The importance of the latter point depends... 

Three specific human monoclonal IgG autoantibodies that recognize oxidized MDA-LDL have been prepared using phage libraries (S6). Such a panel of antibodies may be of value in defining the composition of arteriosclerotic plaques in various stages of development (G2). They may also be directed at cells, lipoproteins, and matrix molecules in a way that can help identify the source of OxLDL in humans. Such human antibodies may also be used in assays. There is still a good deal of research needed to sort out these questions. 

A good deal of research needs to be done on the composition variations of pure minerals. As will be seen later, ball clays and fireclays contain a disordered kaolin mineral that departs considerably from the ideal formula, Al2Si205(0H)4. This obviously causes further inaccuracy in the calculation of rational analyses. 

This chapter details the technical procedures used to prepare and analyze lake sediment samples for cellulose carbon and oxygen isotope composition, considers important factors in the interpretation of cellulose isotope data, briefly highlights key results from recent applications, and outlines future research needs and directions. 

J. J. Mecholsky Jr., Engineering Research Needs of Advanced Ceramics and Ceramic Matrix Composites, Bulletin of the American Ceramic Society, 68 (2) (1989), pp. 367—375. 

Above the overlap concentration, a significant enhancement in solution viscosity was observed along with an increase in viscosity with salt concentration. In addition, the solution viscosity could exhibit Newtonian, dilatant, or pseudoplastic behavior depending on the shear rate, polymer composition and concentration. While considerable further research needs to be done, it appears that the use of hydrophobic groups on water soluble polymers provides an attractive approach to improved mobility control polymers for chemically enhanced oil recovery. 

Another research need for anodic protection is alloys designed to be effectively self-driven to a stable, self-healing passive state under ambient conditions. This is the current mechanism for the corrosion resistance of stainless steels in oxygenated near-neutral water. The development of alloy compositions that could achieve the same effect in more aggressive environments is a major driver for further research. 

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