Oxygen, isotope composition

Eig. 4. The bulk oxygen isotopic composition of different meteorite classes where (—) is the terrestial fractionation line. The 5 notation refers to the normalized difference between or ratios to those in standard mean ocean water (SMOW) in relative units of parts per thousand. The... 

Bryant, J.D., Luz, B. and Froelich, P.N. 1994 Oxygen isotopic composition of fossil horse tooth phosphate as a record of continental paleoclimate. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 107 303-316. 

Ayliffe, L.K., Chivas, A.R. and Leakey, M.G. 1994 The retention of primary oxygen isotope compositions of fossil elephant skeletal phosphate. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58 5291-5298. 

Suggestions that phosphatic minerals in mammals could be used, however, revived the interest in climate reconstruction in continental interiors. Aquatic, cold-blooded animals like fish have body temperatures and body water oxygen isotopic compositions that are directly dependent on the water in which they live. For these animals, a commonly used equation describes the relationships among temperature, water oxygen isotopic composition and phosphate oxygen isotopic composition as (Longinelli and Nuti 1973 verified by Kolodny et al. 1983, among others) ... 

Body water oxygen isotopic composition in mammals is a function of the oxygen mass balance of the specific animal. In general, it can be related to three major oxygen sources air oxygen, drinking water, and food (both the... 

Figure 6.4. Percent average humidity compared with 6 0 in bone phosphate. The strong association between the two variables across the species of Australian marsupials (data from Ayliffe and Chivas 1990) and North American white-tailed deer (data from Luz ei a/. 1990) indicates that their body water oxygen isotopic composition is strongly determined by the 8"0 in their diet since plant 8 0 varies in negative correlation with humidity.

This equation predicts a value of 26.8%ofor the zebra at Turkana assuming an average value of 6%o for Lake Turkana water. This predicted value is l%o less than the actual value of 27.8%o. Given the variation in methods of sample preparation and analysis, variation between bone and tooth enamel (Stuart-Williams and Schwarcz 1997), and uncertainty in surface water oxygen isotopic composition, these values are extraordinarily close. Alternatively, if the equation is solved for using the actual value of the Turkana zebra. 

Ayliffe, L.K. and Chivas, A.R. 1990 Oxygen isotope composition of the bone phosphate of Australian kangaroos potential as a palaeoenvironmental recorder. Geochimica et Cosmochim-icaActa 54 2603-2609. 

Fricke, H.C. and O Neil, J.R. 1996 Inter- and intra-tooth variation in the oxygen isotope composition of mammalian tooth enamel some implications for paleoclimatological and paleo-biological research. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 126 91-99. 

Fricke, H.C., O Neil, J.R. and Lynnerup, N. 1995 Oxygen isotope composition of human tooth enamel from medieval Greenland linking climate and society. Geology 23 869-872. 

Kohn, M.J., Schoeninger, M.J. and Valley, J.W. 1996 Herbivore tooth oxygen isotope compositions effects of diet and physiology. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60 3889-3896. 

Variability in herbivore tooth oxygen isotope compositions reflections of seasonality... 

Longinelli, A. 1965 Oxygen isotopic composition of orthophosphate from shells of living marine organisms. Nature 207 716-719. 

Longinelli, A. and Nuti, S. 1968 Oxygen isotopic composition of phosphorites from marine formations. Earth andPlanetary Science Letters 5 13-16. 

Ishiyama et al. (1987) estimated hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of ore fluid responsible for the base metal vein-type deposits in Jokoku-Katsuraoka area, southwestern part of the province. Estimated 5 0 and 5D values range from —49%o to —88%o and from —11.6%o to - -5.5%o, respectively. Hattori and Sakai (1979) analyzed inclusion fluids from the Chitose Au-Ag vein-type deposits and indicated that 8D and 5 0 for the ore fluids are —65%c to —75%o and —4.8%o to —6.2%c, respectively. 

Ohmoto, H. and Rye, R.O. (1974) Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of fluid inclusions in the Kuroko deposits, Japan. Econ. Geol, 69, 947-953. 

Osaki, S. (1973) Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of hydrothermal rhodochrosites from Oe, Inaku-raishi and Jokoku mines, Hokkaido, Japan. Geochem. J., 6, 151-162. 

Shimazaki, H., Nakamura, T. and Kusakabe, M. (1993) Oxygen isotopic composition of ore fluids for the Ashio deposits. Mining Geology, 45, 269 (in Japanese). 

Quade J, Ceding TE, Bowman JR (1989) Systematic variations in the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonate along elevation transects in the southern Great Basin. United States Geol Soc Am Bull 101 464-475... 

Calcium carbonate is also the main constituent of the shells of sea animals, which make their shells from elements acquired from the surrounding waters. Now, the degree of fractionation of the oxygen isotopes as well as the formation of mineral carbonates and of animal shells in sea waters are determined on the basis of the temperature-dependent fractionation of the isotopes of oxygen the oxygen isotope composition of these materials reflects, therefore, the temperature at the time of their formation. Thus determining the isotope ratio between the stable isotopes of oxygen... 

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