Composite polymer electrolytes conductivity

Kolde, J.A. Bahar, B. Wilson, M.S. Zawod-zinski, T.A. Gottesfeld, S. Advanced composite polymer electrolyte fuel cell membranes. In Proton Conducting Membrane Fuel Cells / The Electrochemical Society Chicago, IL, 1995. 

G. Halpert, A. Landgrebe, Eds., Proc. First Int. Symp. on Proton Conducting Membrane Fuel Cells, The Electrochemical Society Proceedings, Advanced Composite Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Membranes, Vol. 95-23, 1995, 193-201... 

Pradhan, D.K. et al.. Effect of plasticizer on microstructure and electrical properties of a sodium ion conducting composite polymer electrolyte. Ionics, 2005.11(1) 95-102. 

Kim, M., Lee, L., Jung, Y., Kim, S. (2013). Study on ion conductivity and crystallinity of composite polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(acrylonitrile) containing nano-sized AI2O3 Fillers, Ngng gi lfjmgteclmgl., 13(12), 7865-7869. 

Q The maximum ionic conductivity of the composite polymer electrolytes with SiOj particles for different polymer matrices. (A) Reproduced with permission from reference Stankovich, S., Dikin, D.A., Dommett, Kohihaas, K.M.,... 

For the composite polymer electrolytes, the conductive carbonaceous filler must be below the electrical percolation threshold, due to the need to obtain an electronically insulating material with suitable ionic conductivity. These fillers are also used to improve the thermal stabilization and serve as mechanical reinforcement to improve the electrolyte/ electrode compatibility. CNT/P(VDF-TrFE) composites showed higher porosity and electrolyte uptake compared to the pristine polymer. CNT also contributed to increase ionic conductivity (2.6 xlO S cm , 0.1 wt.% CNT) and diminished its variations with temperature. 

Pitawala et al., (2007) studied the combined effect of both plasticizer and nano-ceramic filler on the thermal behavior and conductivity of (PEO)g-lithium trifiuoromethanesulphonate (LiCFjSOj or LiTf) composite polymer electrolyte. The formula (PE0)gLiCFjS03 denotes the chemical composition of the polymer-salt complex in which 9 is the molar ratio of (ethylene oxide (EOl/LiCF SOj). According to their work, addition of 15 wt% Aip lowered the and T of (PEO)gLiTf from 58 °C and °Cto 51 °C and -50 °C, respectively and the con-... 

In view of the many parameters involved viz. blend composition, types of plasticizer, and nano-fillers, grain size, and dispersion and so on, an in-depth study of the conductivity mechanism of the electrolyte system and an understanding of the characteristic and behavior of each additive are important in the pursuit of an appUcable PEO/PMMA composite polymer electrolyte system. 

Sekhon, S.S., Sharma, J.P., and Park, J.S. (2007) Conductivity behavior of nano-composite polymer electrolytes role of fumed silica and plasticizer. Macromol. Symp., 249/250, 209-215. 

Bloise A, Donoso J, Magon C, Rosario A, Pereira E (2003) NMR and conductivity study of PEO-based composite polymer electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 48(14—16) 2239-2246... 

Kolde JA, Bahar B, Wilson MS et al (1995) Advanced composite polymer electrolyte fuel cell membranes. Proceedings of the first intmnational symposium on proton conducting membrane fuel cells I. Electrochem Soc Proc 95-23 193-201... 

Wang et al. [61] proposed a new composite polymer electrolyte of PEOigLiTFSl and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME). The lithium-ion conductivity... 

There is considerable methanol permeation through Nafion, which affects the fuel cell performance in a DMFC. Using doped PBI the same proton conductivity as Nafion can be maintained while virtually eliminating the crossover of methanol. PBI is doped with a conducting solid, usually phosphoric acid, to make it suitable for DMFC applications [55, 56]. In another attempt PBI is modified by sulfonation to make it an intrinsic proton conductor and is deposited onto a layer of Nafion membrane. This gives a composite polymer electrolyte that is a reasonable proton conductor and reduces the crossover of methanol [57]. 

In order to manufacture a composite polymer electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene is casted with an conducting inorganic filler. 

Y.G. Lee, K.M. Kim, K.S. R5m, and S.H. Chang, Lithium cationic single-ion conducting filler-containing composite polymer electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and metiiod of manufacturing the same, US Patent 7 399 556, assigned to Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (Daejeon, KR), July 15,2008. 

Another alkaline composite polymer electrolyte based on a PEO-PVA glass fiber mat system can be prepared [51]. The glass fiber mat support allows more KOH electrolyte to be trapped in the composite membrane and also enhances the mechanical strength and stability. The corresponding values of the ionic conductivity are on the order of 40 X 10 S/cm at 30 °C [51]. Although the presence of the support in the polymer electrolyte allows the addition of more KOH, it may also lead to an increase of resistance in the fuel cell however, this has not been determined experimentally as yet. 

Relationship between ionic conductivity of composite polymer electrolytes containing different amounts of (LiAlTiP),Oy at different temperatures using LiN(S02CF2Cp3)2 as supporting salt. (Adapted from Zhang, X. et al., /. Power Sources 112 209-215, 2002.)... 

However, one may observe from Eigure 1.7 that the conductivity enhancement in the composite polymer electrolytes occurs in the entire... 

Fan, L., Wang, X., Long, F., and Wang, X. (2008) Enhanced ionic conductivities in composite polymer electrolytes by using succinonitrile as a plasticizer. Solid State Ionics, 179, 1772-1775. 

Paulsdorf, J., Kaskhedikar, N., Buijanadze, M., Obeidi, S., Stolwijk, N. A., Wilmer, D., Wiemhofer, H. D., Synthesis and ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes based on a polyphosphazene with short side groups. Chemistry of Materials, 2006,18,1281-1288. Kaskhedikar, N., Paulsdorf, J., Buijanadze, A., Karatas, Y, RoUng, B., Wiemhofer, H. D., Polyphosphazene based composite polymer electrolytes. Solid State Ionics, 2006, 177, 2699-2704. 

Chen-Yang, Y. W., Chen, H. C., Lin, F. J., Liao, C. W., Chen, T. L., Preparation and conductivity of the composite polymer electrolytes based on poly[fcw(methoxyethoxyethoxy) phosphazene], LiC104 and a-Al203, Solid State Ionics, 2003, 156, 383-392. 

MELLANDER, B., 2003. Effect of concentration and grain size of alumina filler on the ionic conductivity enhancement of the (PE0)9LiCF3S03 Al203 composite polymer electrolyte. Journal of Power Sources, 119-121,409-414. 

FAN, J., RAGHAVAN, S.R., YU, X., KHAN, S.A., FEDKIW, P.S., HOU, J. and BAKER, G.L., 1998. Composite polymer electrolytes using surface-modified fumed silicas conductivity and rheology. Solid State Ionics, 111(1-2), 117. 

PARK, C.H., KIM, D.W., PRAKASH, J. and SUN, Y., 2003. Electrochemical stability and conductivity enhancement of composite polymer electrolytes. Solid State Ionics, 159(1-2), 111-119. 

WIECZOREK, w., CHUNG, s.H. and STEVENS, J.R., 1996a. Ionic conduction in composite polymer electrolytes at subambient temperatures. Journal of Polymer Science, Part B Polymer Physics, 34(17), 2911-2917. 

The aim of the first part of this chapter is to present recent research on composite polymer electrolytes, both solid and gel, in order to try to clarify the effect of fillers on ionic conduction, transference number, the polymer crystallisation process, mechanical properties and interface properties in polymer electrolytes. 

The current challenge for PEMFC is to raise the working temperature above 80 °C. Composite membranes are a potential solution. The addition of inorganic fillers induces important improvements in water retention at high temperature, conductivity, cell resistivity, mechanical properties, etc. These improvements are related to filler concentration, structure and size, interfaces, polymer matrix and membrane characteristics. It is difficult to compare these ionomer/fiUer composites because their performances depend on the electrolyte preparation and testing conditions (RH, temperature, etc.). H2/02(air) cells based on composite polymer electrolytes have been successfully operated at temperatures up to 120 °C under ambient pressure, and up to 150 °C under pressures of 3-5 atm, but more research... 

WANG, Z.X., HUANG, X.J., CHEN, L.Q., Understanding of effects of nano-Al203 particles on ionic conductivity of composite polymer electrolytes, Electochem Solid-State Lett., 2003,6(11), 40-4. 

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