Filler carbonaceous

Conrad Industries, Inc. (CentraUa, Washington) and Clean Air Products Company (Pordand, Oregon) have jointiy built a tire pyrolysis demonstration machine which allows recovery of combustible gases, oils, and other by-products. The equipment can also handle other carbonaceous material. It is designed to process 0.9 t/h of tires the entire system is estimated to cost about 2.3 x 10 . The feedstock consists of 5-cm tires chips which produce pyrolytic filler, a vapor gas yielding 11.5 kj/m (1000 Btu/ft ), and medium and light oils yielding about 42 MJ/kg (18,000 Btu/lb) (32). 

The analysis of smoke and soot formation from polymers during combustion has been extensively studied 50,51 however, less is understood on how hydrated fillers influence this mechanism. It is likely that smoke reduction results from the deposition of carbon onto the high surface area oxide surface, produced on the decomposition of the filler.38 The volatilization of carbonaceous residue as carbon oxides then occurs, reducing obscuration effects from the smoke. 

Figures 15.8 and 15.9 illustrate examples of how cone calorimeter data can be used in the development of flame-retarded materials. PA 66-GF without Pred showed typical fire behavior for noncharring polymers containing inorganic glass fiber as inert filler,69 when high external heat flux is applied. The shape of the HRR curve is divided in two different parts. In the beginning, the surface layer pyrolysis shows a sharp peak, followed by a reduced pyrolysis rate when the pyrolysis zone is covered by the glass fiber network residue layer. When Pred was added, the PA 66-GF samples were transformed into carbonaceous char-forming materials, which led to a...

Fillers, or extenders as they are called in the coatings industry, are finely divided solids added to polymer systems to improve properties and reduce cost Fillers are solid additives, different from plastics matrices in composition and structure, which are added to polymers to increase bulk or improve properties In manufactured carbon and graphite product technology, carbonaceous particles comprising the base aggregate in an unbaked green-mix formulation... 

High efficiency in char formation is one of the reasons for the strong performance of Mg(OH)2 and A1(OH)3 as fire retarding additives. This performance can still be enhanced by surface coating the fillers with zinc hydroxystannate. Sb2O3 is volatized from the material and therefore does not affect char formation. Formation of char is an effective method of increasing the fire resistance of materials. The material which forms carbonaceous char has a reduced ability to supply the gaseous fuels required to fuel the fire. 

For the composite polymer electrolytes, the conductive carbonaceous filler must be below the electrical percolation threshold, due to the need to obtain an electronically insulating material with suitable ionic conductivity. These fillers are also used to improve the thermal stabilization and serve as mechanical reinforcement to improve the electrolyte/ electrode compatibility. CNT/P(VDF-TrFE) composites showed higher porosity and electrolyte uptake compared to the pristine polymer. CNT also contributed to increase ionic conductivity (2.6 xlO S cm , 0.1 wt.% CNT) and diminished its variations with temperature. 

A carbonaceous char residue waste (2-13%), often contaminated with catalyst residue and inorganic fillers, is formed in pyrolysis. This may be either used as solid fuel, activated C, or disposed of in a landfdl. 

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