Composite piping systems

An alternate system, one based on gravity, requires penetration of both the FML and clay components of the secondary composite liner system. It also requires a monitoring and collection manhole on the opposite side of the landfill cell. The manhole and connecting pipe, however, become an underground storage tank that needs its own secondary containment and LDSs. 

Whilst carbon and stainless steels are commonly used materials of construction, increasing use is being made of non-metallic and rubber lined equipment. The selection of the material of construction should take into account the cases of the worst process conditions that may occur under foreseeable conditions and should be applied to all components including valves, pipe fittings, instruments and gauges. Both composition (e.g., chlorides, moisture) and temperature deviations can have a significant direct effect on the rate of corrosion. The operator should demonstrate that procedures are in place to ensure that potential deviations in process conditions such as fluid temperature, pressure and composition are identified and assessed in relation to the selection of materials of construction for piping systems. 

In general, samples may be obtained from faucet outlets, at different points in pipe systems, from the surface of rivers and lake waters, and at different depths. The most important consideration is that the frequency and duration of sampling be sufficient to obtain a representative and reproducible sample. In some cases, composite samples may be used, in which individual samples taken at frequent intervals are combined. 

Sterke. A. (1994), Inspection of adhesively bonded joints in glas.s-reinforced plastic pipe systems. Proc. of the Inspection Structural Composites Coni, paper no. 14. 

In a pipe system carrying water with some salt dissolved, a section of a polymeric composite pipe is inserted between a pipe of stainless steel and a pipe... 

Polymers possess the benefit of low density, and in the form of composites they can obtain a very high strength/weight ratio. They are therefore suitable in means of transport. The application of plastics on offshore platforms has been limited primarily because the demands on fire precautions are stricter than they are onshore, and for some purposes due to higher cost than the metallic alternatives. The use of polymers offshore has, however, increased in recent years. One field of application where these materials are interesting is pipe systems of flame-resistant polymers. 

Except for the influence of viscosity variation (which is not very important in many in-plant pumping systems), the head required to pump a given volumetric flowrate of liquid (0 through a piping system is independent of the fluid pumped, and in particular its density, as is the head generated by a centrifugal pump. Hence for such systems the head/flow characteristics are practically independent of the composition of the fluid pumped. 

D2680 Standard specification for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and Poly(vinylchloride) Composite Sewer Piping Committee F-17 on Plastics Piping Systems ... 

Outlook. Continuous-flow processes, eg, for composite pipe, are adequately controlled by continuous scanning. With the improvement of such systems as ir scanning and cineradiography and self-correcting loop-feedback controls, continuous processing machines will gain in scope. For noncontinuous processes. 

Cheng J, et al. Design and analysis of a smart composite pipe joint system integrated with piezoelectric layers under bending. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 44(1), 2007, pp. 298-319. 

Key words fiber-reinforced polymer composites, pipes, risers, bonded joints, composite repair systems. 

Armor Plate (Texas, US) is another pipe repair system that uses multipurpose fiberglass/epoxy wraps and different curing agents (see Fig. 18.11). The difference between Armor Plate and StrongBack composite repair systems (discussed below) is that Armor Plate uses chemicals instead of water as the catalyst agent. 

At the 2013 Offshore Technology Conference, Joie L. Folkers of National Oilwell Varco Fiber Glass Systems presented a paper illustrating the difficulties associated with prescriptive rules (Folkers 2013). He used the example of fiberglass-composite pipe. The following is extracted from his presentation. 

De Sterke, A., Inspection of adhesively bonded Joints in glass-reinforced plastic pipe systems Search for NDT techniques. In Proceedings — Conference on the Inspection of Structural Composites, London, 9-10 June, 1994, Paper 14. 

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