Common lead, definition

A commonly expressed definition is Thermal Comfort is that condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment. The definition implies that the judgment of comfort is a mental process that results from physical, physiological, and psychological factors and processes. Dissatisfac tion can lead to complaints and other undesirable side effects. 

In Section 3.3.1 we defined the p-value and briefly mentioned a common incorrect definition. We will return now to discuss why this leads to considerable misinterpretation. In the example of Section 3.3.1 we had observed a treatment difference of 5.4 mmHg with a p-value of 4.2 per cent and the proposed definition (incorrect) was that there is a 4.2 per cent probability that pj = 2 -The problem with this definition is the misinterpretation when the p-value is large. As an extreme case suppose that we ran a trial in hypertension with two patients per group and also suppose that even though in truth the true treatment... 

Treatment of buffer efficiency in general is not limited to examination of various monoprotic and polyprotic acids, but rather to the behavior of mixtures of acids. Further, from plots of buffer index vs. pH, it is easy to see that strong acids and bases are reasonable buffers for the extreme (low and high) Ph ranges. This leads to the definition of a buffer as a solution that has neutralization capacity, rather the more limited but commonly used definition as a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base (See Figure 8.5). 

A very important concept during lead optimization is that of the chemotype, also known as the chemical scaffold, core, framework, or template [34]. Chemotypes are the structural cores upon which different types of substituents can be attached. According to common lead optimization practice, chemists focus their work on a specific congeneric chemical series (or structural class), that is, a family of struaures which share the same chemotype or scaffold. The members of a chemical array are very likely to share the same core structure or chemotype. An algorithm was therefore developed to automatically and efficiently detect sets of compounds that share the same chemotype without any prior knowledge of a particular project. There is no universal definition of a chemotype however, some general observations are as follows ... 

The current discussion will focus on epithermal beams, since that is where the research appears to be leading. The commonly accepted definition of epithermal neutrons as being those between 0.5 eV and 10 keV is used. Current experience shows that a desirable minimum beam intensity would be 10 epithermal neutrons cm s V Beams of about half this are useable, but result in rather long irradiation times. 

In order to define how the nuclei move as a reaction progresses from reactants to transition structure to products, one must choose a definition of how a reaction occurs. There are two such definitions in common use. One definition is the minimum energy path (MEP), which defines a reaction coordinate in which the absolute minimum amount of energy is necessary to reach each point on the coordinate. A second definition is a dynamical description of how molecules undergo intramolecular vibrational redistribution until the vibrational motion occurs in a direction that leads to a reaction. The MEP definition is an intuitive description of the reaction steps. The dynamical description more closely describes the true behavior molecules as seen with femtosecond spectroscopy. 

In Eq. (7.21) the normalization to the scattering cross-section r2 leads to the definition of absolute intensity in electron units which is common in materials science. If omitted [90,91], the fundamental definition based on scattering length density is obtained (cf. Sect. 7.10.1). 

But the discussion had lasted an hour and a half. Obviously, Shake was leading up to something else. The other prosecution people were too stunned to be sure, but Sprecher was bitter. "We are about to hear a new definition of the Common Man," he said. 

Hazard is commonly defined as the potential to cause harm . A hazard can be defined as aproperty or situation that in particular circumstances could lead to harm (Smith et al., 1988). Risk is a more difficult concept to define. The term risk is used in everyday language to mean chance of disaster . When used in the process of risk assessment it has specific definitions, the most commonly accepted being The combination of the probability, or frequency, of occurrence of a defined hazard and the magnitude of the consequences of the occurrence (Smith et al., 1988). 

A commonly used staining method for the cell nucleolus is based on silver nanoparticles [54], The proteins of the nucleolus, such as nucleolin, are known to have high affinity to silver ions due to their amino-terminal domain. Subsequent reduction leads to the formation of the silver nanoparticles stain. In spite of all the efforts, a general and definitive conclusion regarding the attraction between silver... 

The transformation used above to enumerate tautomers would lead to identical products when applied to symmetrically substituted pyrazoles. The set of structures generated in the enumeration process is converted to a sorted list of canonical SMILES [23] from which duplicates are easily eliminated. Structures registered in alternative tautomeric forms are converted to identical lists of SMILES that can each be represented by their common first member. This effectively extends the definition of canonical SMILES to cover an ensemble of tautomeric forms and makes it possible to check for duplicate structures without having to register multiple forms [16, 26]. 

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