Commercial Printing

The inkjet technique is applied to both office printers and household printers. Furthermore it is increasingly being applied in the field of commercial printing (22). 

In the commercial printing field, printed sheets are required to have an appearance similar to that of printed sheets obtained by using general printing paper, rather than paper that has a surface that completely blocks penetration of ink solvent into the base paper, e.g., a photograph. 

However, when a solvent absorption layer of a recording medium has a thickness of 20-30 pm the surface gloss, texture and stiffness are limited. 

Therefore, the application of inkjet techniques to commercial printing has been limited to posters and forms for which the restrictions on surface gloss, texture, and stiffness are tolerable. 

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Miscellaneous publishing 2752 Commercial printing, lithographic 2754 Commercial printing, gravure 2759 Commercial printing, n.e.c. ... 

Guides to Pollution Prevention The Commercial Printing Industry, August 1980 625/7-90-008 NSCEP 625/7-90-008 ERIC WA06 NTIS PB91-110023. 

In USA the yearly man-hours employment producing all plastic products by all processes is estimated at 650 million, second to motor vehicles at 845 million. Following plastic products (in millions) are aircraft at 570, commercial printing at 560, newspapers at 475, meat at 460, metal structural products at 350, and computers at 325. The USA plastics Industry is growing and creating jobs faster than the other manufacturing sectors. 

Piezoresistive sensors, 20 655-656 Piezo technology, in commercial printing, 14 327... 

Thus, 3X SSC 1.5 M betaine was used to print down a 500-bp cDNA onto both PLL and aminosilane glass slides and a commercial print buffer, Arraylt microspotting solution or MSS (TeleQrem International, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) was compared. Curiously, 3X SSC 50% DMSO was not included in this study. While MSS may contain DMSO, the experiments would have been better designed by including 3X SSC + 50% DMSO as a control. 

Undaunted by his failure to get into an accredited professional art school, Marcel began an apprenticeship in a commercial print shop, L Imprimerie de la Vicomte, and earned the diploma of an ouvrier d art, by which means he was to secure a two-year exemption from the usual obligatory three-year stint of military service. In October 1905, he had enlisted as a reserve infantryman, and in April 1906 was promoted to corporal he was discharged in October of the same year. Years later, Duchamp admitted,... 

DHS. May 1988. Waste Audit Study Commercial Printing Industry. California Department of Health Services, Toxic Substances Control Division, Alternative Technology Section. Prepared by Jacobs Engineering Group, Pasadena, CA. Contract No. 86-T0075. 

Also, as part of the WRAP Program, the EPA in cooperation with the California Department of Health Services is producing a series of industry specific manuals that address waste minimization opportunities in a variety of industries. These manuals are in various stages of development but are expected to be available by the Fall of 1989. The industries addressed in the series include (1) paint shops, (2) pesticides, (3) commercial printing, (4) metal fabricators, (5) circuit board manufacturing, (6) hospitals and (7) research and educational institutions. 

For commercial printing onto nonporous, hydrophobic materials such as plastics, metals, and glass, rapidly drying solvent inks which adhere to these substrates are needed. A typical solvent for these applications is methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). However, alternative alcoholic solvents tike ethanol and N-propanol have been introduced for ecological and safety reasons. The predominant color for industrial marking is black, and solvent soluble 2 1 azo chromium(m) complex, polyazo, Nigrosine, and sulfur dyes are used. Typical formulation of an... 

There is a range of difficult technological and scientific hurdles that will need to be overcome before reliable products can be manufactured with the required performance at low cost by commercial printing techniques. A complete set of solution processible materials including not only conductors, semiconductors and di-... 

As the amount of the solvent in the printing system is decreased in commercial print paste systems, more polymeric... 

Using inkjet special substrate coatings is, most probably, the most widely used method to enhance inkjet printing quality for the SOHO (Small Office Home) markets. However, when dealing with commercial printing, e.g., wide format printers or non-porous substrates, top coats will neither guarantee the performance required by commercial customers, nor meet the cost goal required for most applications. 

The National Editorial Association, whose main office is in Chicago, collects annual data on markets and media concerning newspaper and commercial printing. Cost studies of production, market studies of consumption and sales, price studies of operation, and data on postal and other legislation pertaining to the industry are issued annually. In addition, information on new equipment, processes, and labor costs is assembled. 

Data on newspapers and commercial printing, markets and media price studies of operations, market studies of production and labor, new equipment studies, annually. 

Frear, D. E. H., Pesticide Handbook, State College, Pa., Commercial Printing, Inc., 1951. A guide and index to trade names, active ingredients, uses, and manufacturers of commercial insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides, and pesticide equipment sold in U. S. 

Recent work by the author, Bassemir (2), attempts to correlate the rheology of emulsified inlts with their press performance under commercial printing conditions. 

The commercial printing industry embraces a wide variety of processes for putting ink on paper. This review will be concerned with letterpress and offset lithography in their conventional forms. 

In this article we report some experimental studies on spreading and penetration of an aqueous IJ ink on a variety of commercial printing papers. The data are tested against existing simple theoretical models for liquid penetration in porous media. No attempt has been made to develop or employ more rigorous models. 

Table I. Drying times, initial apparent contact angles and calculated penetration parameters for single drops of an aqueous IJ ink on various commercial printing grade papers.

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