Printed electronics-based products commercializing

Unfortunately, organic materials are much more permeable to moisture and oxygen than metals and ceramics, for example. This is why there is a thin aluminum layer in the paper-based containers for many dairy and juice products. As mentioned previously, this is particularly important in LEDs and n-doped transistors, which are more sensitive to oxygen and water than electrochromic displays, for example. There are commercial solutions for manufacturing such a seal based on ceramics, for example, but many require vacuum processing. While compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing, such encapsulation techniques can quickly dominate the cost of producing printed electronics. 

Instruments based on sensor arrays will become tools for practical application and should enable rapid screening of printed materials directly connected to the production process. Figure 13.2 shows a commercial electronic nose and a human panellist. 

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