Commercial building materials production

Residential Commercial Building Materials Glass Fiber Reinforcements Manufactured Stone Veneer Products Glass Fiber Fabrics Construction Services... 

The production of commercial building materials, e.g., portland cement and stucco, utilizes calcium sulfate in the form of the dihydrate or hemihydrate.f Gypsum is added in the production of portland cement to control set. Properties of cement can be adversely affected by the formation of hemihydrate during the grinding process. In the production of stucco, the hemihydrate is the preferred form. Consequently, investigators have adapted thermal analysis methods for estimating the quantities of each phase in these products. 

The small molecules used as the basic building blocks for these large molecules are known as monomers. For example the commercially important material poly(vinyl chloride) is made from the monomer vinyl chloride. The repeat unit in the polymer usually corresponds to the monomer from which the polymer was made. There are exceptions to this, though. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is formally considered to be made up of vinyl alcohol (CH2CHOH) repeat units but there is, in fact, no such monomer as vinyl alcohol. The appropriate molecular unit exists in the alternative tautomeric form, ethanal CH3CHO. To make this polymer, it is necessary first to prepare poly(vinyl ethanoate) from the monomer vinyl ethanoate, and then to hydrolyse the product to yield the polymeric alcohol. 

Ms. Lee also possesses experience in technology commercialization. She was involved in the successful commercialization of a proprietary technology that transformed recycled material into environmentally sound products for the building material industry. She went on to pursue her MBA degree, which she earned from York University s Schulich School of Business. She continues her career, combining her engineering and business experiences with her interest in the environmental field. 

The fuels that are derived from petroleum supply more than half of the world s total supply of energy. Gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil provide fuel for automobiles, tractors, tmcks, aircraft, and ships. Fuel oil and natural gas are used to heat homes and commercial buildings, as well as to generate electricity. Petroleum products are the basic materials used for the manufacture of synthetic fibers for clothing and in plastics, paints, fertilizers, insecticides, soaps, and synthetic rubber. The uses of petroleum as a source of raw material in manufacturing are central to the functioning of modem industry. 

Phenolic compounds are used in commercial or consumer products or building materials (Rudel et al., 2001), especially ethoxylated alkylphenols of octylphenol and nonylphenol, which are widely used in surfactants (Ying, Williams and Kookana, 2002). They are known as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) as they bear hormonally active properties. Other EDCs found indoors include phthal-ates (Section 11.2.7), certain pesticides, organotin compounds (Section 11.2.5) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (Section 11.2.8) (Rudel et al., 2001, 2003). 

Finally, PBDEs—mainly three commercial mixtures known as Penta-BDE, Octa-BDE, and Deca-BDE—are still widely used as flame retardants in products such as polymers, resins, electronic devices, building materials, textiles, and the polyurethane foam padding used in furniture and carpets. The intensive production and use of these compounds has made them ubiquitous in the environment and in biota.125,126 EPA is working with industry, governments, and environmental and public health groups to research and better understand the potential health risks posed by these substances.127 The European Commission is also aware of these risks to the environment and public health and has established EQS in the low ppt level. Thus, for Penta-BDE, the annual average (AA) EQS is 0.0005 pg L 1 for inland surface waters and 0.0002 pg L 1 for other surface waters. There... 

Many of the countries that formerly produced PCBs, except Russia, ceased production in the 1970s however, PCBs remain in the environment for decades, where they are available for uptake and subsequent bioaccumulation in organisms. Before their ban PCBs had entered the environment through point and diffuse sources, such as from landfill sites, accidental spillages/releases during commercial use of electrical equipment and transformer and capacitor fires, incineration of PCB waste, etc. [24, 28, 29]. Leakage from old equipment, building materials, stockpiles and landfill sites continue to supply the environment. In addition, some production has been reported for certain countries with economies in transition [30, 31]. 

Erionite is not known to be currently mined or marketed for commercial purposes. Natural erionite has been replaced by synthetic nonfibrous zeolites. However, erionite was used as a noble metal impregnated catalyst in a hydrocarbon-cracking process, and erionite-rich blocks was also used for house building materials. Its use to increase soil fertility and to control odors in livestock production has been studied. 

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