Comeal opacity

Gynecomastia Addison syndrome Hyponatremia Comeal opacity... 

Another widespread application of cold storage of tissue for transplantation is that of preservation of the cornea. Inj uries leading to corneal scarring, various kinds of diseases, and the production of comeal opacity are leading causes of blindness. Cornea transplantation is a commonly used and highly successful procedure. It... 

Muir, C.K. (1984). A simple method to assess surfactant-induced bovine comeal opacity in vitro preliminary findings. Toxicol. Lett. 22 199-203. 

Rabbit (albino) once Resp Ocular 0.9 F (rapid breathing) mg/kg 0.9 mg/kg F (comeal opacity, keratitis) Ballantyne 1983b HCN... 

Ocular Effects. Acute exposure to cyanogen gas produced eye irritation in volunteers (McNemey and Schrenk 1960). Similarly, chronic exposure to cyanide in the working environment caused eye irritation in exposed individuals (Blanc et al. 1985). In addition, exposure to potassium silver cyanide caused ocular opacity in exposed animals, but comeal opacity is also a sign of excessive exposure to soluble silver salts alone. However, when cyanide was applied to a rabbit s eye, keratitis developed regardless of the chemical form of cyanide used (Ballantyne 1983b). 

Ocular Effects. Direct application of 5% phenol to the eyes of rabbits resulted in severe irritation, conjunctivitis, and comeal opacity (Murphy et al. 1982). No other reports of ocular effects in humans or animals were identified. Based on the limited data, ocular effects are unlikely to occur at the concentrations that occur in the environment or near hazardous waste sites. 

Ocular Effects. No studies were located regarding ocular effects in humans after exposure to 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine by any route. No adverse effects on the eye were noted when dichlorobenzidine (isomer unspecified, free base) was directly placed in the conjunctival sac of the eye of rabbits (Gerarde and Gerarde 1974). However, 0.1 mL 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride (dihydro salt of 3,3 -dichloro-benzidine) in a 20% com oil suspension produced erythema, pus, and comeal opacity, giving a 76% score in the Draize test within an hour when placed in the conjunctival sac of the eye of the rabbit (Gerarde and Gerarde 1974). Apparently, the irritant effects of hydrochloric acid Ifom the salt-compoimd contributed... 

Opacity Degree of density (readings should be taken from most dense area) the area of comeal opacity should be noted No ulceration or opacity... 

Studies in rabbits and mice showed that oral and intravenous doses of 100 mg/kg/ day and 2 mg/kg/day of sumatriptan, respectively, to be lethal to embryos, whereas dosages as low as 2 mg sumatriptan/kg/day over a 1-month period led to comeal opacities and defects in the cornea epithelium in dogs (GSK, 2006). No controlled studies have been conducted to investigate this aspect in humans. 

Thus, Reim et al. introduced early heatment options for eye bums starting with a concept of comeal opacity, limbal ischemia, and conjunctival damage. Thus a prognostic and therapeutic concept existed that made the prognosis more certain. Modihcations of this concept are all based on this fundamental work. 

Change in papillary size Sensitivity to pain Skin lesions Comeal opacity Placing reflexes Righting reflexes Grasping reflexes Pinnal reflexes Death... 

Comeal Opacities Immediate Onset of Burning Sensation in the Eyes... 

Instillation of pure thioglycolic acid into the eyes of a rabbit resulted in severe pain, severe conjunctival inflammation, dense comeal opacity, and severe iritis. These effects had not improved at the end of 14 d after exposure. Washing immediately after exposure did not modify the response (23). 

C. High (toxic) doses may produce comeal opacities. 

Chicken 12 Inhalation 1,000 2 wk At 3 d, animals had photophobia and nasal secretion. At 8 d, comeal opacity evident. Pathologic examination at 2 wk revealed pulmonary congestion, edema, hemorrhage congestion of liver and spleen. LOAEL 1,000 Anderson et al. 1964... 

Rat Inhalation 1,800-4,500 60 min Eye and mucous membrane irritation, respiratory distress, comeal opacity, erythema of exposed skdn. Wohblagel et al. 1976... 

Guinea pig Inhalation U80 30 min Sensory irritation at < 1 min lung irritation at 4 min comeal opacities in 5 of 8 animals. Burleigh-Flayer et al. 1985... 

While RCAs produce short-lived effects, rabbits exposed to 10% CN solution caused iritis and conjunctivitis >7 days and comeal opacity (Grant, 1986) lasting longer than 2 months (Gaskins et al, 1972). In comparison, CS at the same concentration produced moderate conjunctivitis without iritis or comeal opacity, and eyes returned to normal by the end of one week. Another difference between the two agents is that CN produces a more severe reaction than CS when applied to the eye in powder form or as a spray at close range (McNamara et al, 1968). 

MIC produced ocular burning, watering, pain, and photophobia (Andersson et al, 1984, 1985, 1988 Dwivedi et al, 1985), conjunctivitis, and comeal opacity (Maskati, 1986). Within the first 2 weeks of disaster Anderson et al. (1988) found no case of blindness in a community-based survey surprisingly, the incidences of photophobia and interpalpe-bral erosion were highest in areas where the death rates were lowest. 

Herman DC, Bartley GB. Comeal opacities secondary to topical naphazoUne and antazoUne (Albalon-A). Am J Ophthalmol 1987 103 110-111. 

I. LCAT deficiency. Cholesterol associated with HDL cannot be esterified. There is a buildup of unesterified cholesterol, with comeal opacities, renal insufficiency, hemolytic anemia, and premature atherosclerosis. The diagnosis may be made on enzyme assay for plasma LCAT. 

These must be alternative methods for the assessment of eye irritation/ or serious damage to eyes (e.g. irreversible comeal opacity) which have been validated in accordance with internationally agreed principles and criteria (see section 1.3.2 in Chapter 1.3). 

Cr(in) is essential— deficiencies result in defective glucose metabolism, hyperlipidemia, comeal opacity... 

Eye. Toxic cataract can be due to chloroquine and related drugs, adrenal steroids (topical and systemic), phenothiazines and alkylating agents. Comeal opacities occur with phenothiazines and chloroquine. Retinal injury occurs with thioridazine (particularly, of the antipsychotics), chloroquine and indomethacin. 

Formic acid causes irritation of the eyes and of the mucous membranes. It can also cause comeal opacity. The occupational exposure limit is 9 mg/m. ... 

Equine disease caused by T. vivax is usually, but not always, relatively iimocuous. The prepatent period is about 16 days. Parasitemia is cyclic and is accompanied by fever. Between these febrile episodes, urticarial plaques may become evident in the skin and dependent edema develops. In more severe cases, ataxia may develop in the first few days after infection, with muscle tremors occurring around 2 weeks after infection. The ataxia and anorexia are progressive. Keratitis with associated comeal opacity may develop. 

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