Grasp reflex

Change in papillary size Sensitivity to pain Skin lesions Comeal opacity Placing reflexes Righting reflexes Grasping reflexes Pinnal reflexes Death... 

Intellectual deficiency, shown by concreteness, lack of abstraction, primitive language and arithmetic skills, poor visuomotor integration and difficulties in praxis is ascribable to cerebral neocortical dysfunction. In very severe cases, frontal release of primitive sucking and grasping reflexes, autistic vacuity and poor visual attention can be attributed to dysfunction of frontal, temporo-limbic, and occipito-parietal cortex respectively. Association cortex functions are impaired more than those of primary analyzers, probably reflecting plasticity of function with limited overall cortical capacity. 

Touch response, startle response, righting/palbebral/grasping reflexes, tail pinch, thermal nociception, ataxia, body temperature, pupil response. 

Grasping reflex Measured using the wire maneuver which assesses the animal s ability to grasp and retain grip on the horizontal wire... 

Grasp reflex Firmly place two fingers in her palm Tightly grasps your fingers ( even if asked not to)... 

Kyberd and Chappell (1994) use a system they call hierarchical artificial reflexes to automate the control process. In their multifunctional hand, they take the operator out of Ihe loop and use onboard processing and sensors in the hand to tell die hand what grasp pattern to adopt. The operator only provides a conventional single degree of freedom open or close EMG signal. The idea is that by allowing the processor to take control, it reduces the mental loading on the operator. A major factor in the success or failure of these devices is confidence in the mechanism on the part of the user, so as to relinquish control to the artificial reflex. 

With respect to therapy for locomotion, therapists typically grasp the patient s leg with both hands. A common technique is to grasp the lower shank with one hand below the knee and with the other hand above the ankle. The therapist may alter contact force during specific phases of the gait cycle in order to stimulate (or avoid stimulation) of tendons and cutaneous reflexes. A gentle touch is essential to avoid skin damage, since decreased skin health and sensation are common after spinal cord injury. 

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