Combustion fluid

Other Considerations Autoignition can occur if combustible fluids are absorbed by wicking-type insulations. Chloride stress corrosion of austenitic stainless steel can occur when chlorides are concentrated on metal surfaces at or above approximately 60°C (140°F). The chlorides can come from sources other than the insulation. Some calcium sihcates are formulated to exceed the requirements of the MIL-I-24244A specification. Fire resistance of insulations varies widely. Calcium sihcate, cellular glass, glass fiber, and mineral wool are fire-resistant but do not perform equally under actual fire conditions. A steel jacket provides protection, but aluminum does not. 

EN 10208-1, Steel pipes for pipelines for combustible fluids — Technical Delivery Conditions — Part 1 Pipes of requirement class A. 

Fire Behavior—While (hernial insulations are nut intended for lire protections (treated elsewhere) their behavior in tire is important, especially from the standpoint ol contribution of combustible matter to a lire that has started at the site. Material behaviot may he complex, e.g.. an absorptive material that would hold a combustible fluid (say, kerosene) would not be a major contribution to fire intensity because the fluid would not flow to the surface to burn as rapidly as it would from a pool of the fluid. Materials that contain organic binders may not he a serious contribution in an open fire, but if they are totally enclosed they may contribute to persistence of fire by smoldering. 

The incineration of corpses in the open air with combustible fluids is impracticable because fluids have the property of flowing down or away and/or evaporating. When corpses, which consist of more than 60% water, are burnt, this must take place with the expenditure of quite large quantities of fuel and great heat. In particular, open oil or methane combustion would be insufficient. 

BASIC Programs for Steam Plant Engineers Boilers, Combustion, Fluid Flow, and Heat Transfer, V. Ganapathy... 

Valves. It is desirable and inherently safer to use fire-tested valves whenever it is necessary to isolate flammable or combustible fluids in a pipeline or tank or other type of equipment. Fire-tested valves were formerly called fire-safe valves. They were not really firesafe, and the name has been changed to fire-tested valves. Fire-tested valves should be considered for handling most fluids that are highly flammable, highly toxic, or highly corrosive and that cannot be permitted to escape into the environment. 

In chemical plants, in steam and gas turbine powered compressor and power stations and pressure control facilities for natural gas, combustible fluids and gases need to be preheated in order to comply with the process parameters,... 

Decree on installations for storage, racking and overland transportation of combustible fluids, revised form 1996-12-13 Technical rules concerning combustible fluids... 

Endosulfan is a combustible fluid and should be kept away from sources of ignition. It should be kept in a... 

FIGURE 23.14 Schematic diagram of pulse combustion fluid bed dryer. (From Lockwood, R.M., Pulse combustion fluidizing dryer, U.S. Patent No. 4395830, 1983). 

The only design of the pulse combustion fluid bed dryer appears to be the one patented by Lockwood (1983). To avoid attenuation of the pulsating gas stream by a perforated gas distributor, the flue gases from a pulse combustor enter the bed of particulate material just above the solid floor, which rotates under a plurality of ducting blades adjacent to the floor. The radially spaced blades are fixed to the central hub at one end and to the inner annular baffle at the other one (Figure 14.11). The space between the baffle and dryer wall forms a gas manifold connected to the tailpipe of a pulse combustor. Each... 

RGURE 14.11 Pulse combustion fluid bed dryer (a) design principle, (b) partial perspective of the ducting blade. (From Lockwood, 1983.)... 

S Compatibility - It is always important to select a Safety Can that is compatible with the flammable or combustible fluid you are storing. Options include steel or polyethylene construction. 

Leaks and spills of flammable or combustible fluids shall be cleaned up immediately. 

The fire hazards analysis conducted for the Rovno NPP Unit 3 (under construction) identified several weaknesses. The results are also planned to be used for making in Unit 4. These relate to the replacement of fire doors, overlayers for cables, penetrations and connections between fire areas, the spatial separation of the two control rooms and the use of non-combustible fluids for the lubrication of the main coolant pumps. 

Risk avoidance involves eliminating the cause of the hazard. This is accomplished by changes in the inherent risk features of a process or facility, e.g., using noncombustible fluid as a heat transfer medium (i.e., hot oil system) instead of a combustible fluid (e.g., diesel oil). Risk reduction concerns the provision of prevention measures or protection features that will lessen the consequences of a particular incident. Some examples include firewalls, firewater sprays, emergency shutdown systems, etc. Most facilities include some aspect of risk reduction measures simply due to prescriptive or even performance based regulatory requirements. 

Vent and drain openings associated with combustible fluids or gases Drainage ditches, gulleys, trenches, and associated remote impounding basins... 

The Library of Congress classification schedule places most of the materials in the field between TL500 and TL4000. However, when searching the catalog or browsing the shelves, it will be apparent that potentially useful items lie outside of these areas. Subjects like turbomachinery, combustion, fluid flow, computational methods, electronics, computers, and structural materials are examples. Some call numbers of interest include ... 

Normal operating temperatures of fluids handled by pumps should be used to determine if the fluids are considered combustible, flammable, or above autoignition. Any combustible fluid heated above its flash point should be considered a flammable liquid. 

Linford, R. M. F., et al, Optical Emission Properties of Aircraft Combustible Fluids, 1973. HYPERLINK http //www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc AD= AD0770213 www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc AD=AD0770213 (accessed 4 Feb 2015)... 

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