Pulse combustion

Convection heat transfer is dependent largely on the relative velocity between the warm gas and the drying surface. Interest in pulse combustion heat sources anticipates that high frequency reversals of gas flow direction relative to wet material in dispersed-particle dryers can maintain higher gas velocities around the particles for longer periods than possible ia simple cocurrent dryers. This technique is thus expected to enhance heat- and mass-transfer performance. This is apart from the concept that mechanical stresses iaduced ia material by rapid directional reversals of gas flow promote particle deagglomeration, dispersion, and Hquid stream breakup iato fine droplets. Commercial appHcations are needed to confirm the economic value of pulse combustion for drying. 

Energy efficiency experienced some important setbacks in the mid-to late 1980s due to a number of prominent technology failures. For example, early pulse combustion gas boilers, compact fluorescent lighting, and some triple-glazed windows experienced... 

Pulsatile drug delivery systems, 9 57-61 Pulsating heat pipes (PHP), 13 235-236 Pulse combustion heat sources, 9 104-105 Pulse cycles, 9 778 Pulsed baffle reactors, 15 709-710 Pulsed discharge detector (PDD) gas chromatography, 4 614 Pulsed dye lasers, 23 144 Pulsed electrochemical machining (PECM), 9 604-605... 

T0733 Sonotech, Inc., Cello Pulse Combustion BurnerSystem... 

T0733 Sonotech, Inc., Cello Pulse Combustion BurnerSystem T0736 SOUND/epic, Dispersion by Chemical Reaction (DCR) Technology T0745 State University of New York, Oswego, Electrochemical Peroxidation (ECP) T0747 SteamTech Environmental Services and Integrated Water Resources, Inc. Steam-Enhanced Extraction (SEE)... 

T0733 Sonotech, Inc., Cello Pulse Combustion Burner System T0746 STC Remediation, Inc., Solidification/Stabilization Technology T0756 Supercritical Water Oxidation—General... 

The Cello pulse combustion burner system is an ex sitn technology for the enhancement of combustion devices. Cello pulse combustion can be incorporated into the constrnction of most new combustion devices or can be retrofit to most existing incinerators, boilers, and dryers. The system can be used to treat any material typically treated in a conventional incinerator, including soils, sludges, medical wastes, and liquids contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or semivolatile organic componnds (SVOCs). The CeUo system has been installed in commercial systems and is commercially available. 

The vendor claims that pulse combustion technology has the following advantages over conventional, nonpulsating incineration ... 

The Sonotech Cello pulse combustion system has the same limitations as a nonpulsating burner attached to a combustion device. Preliminary testing of the Sonotech system showed that in order to prevent slag formation, the temperature of the rotary kiln gas should not exceed 1700°F. The system produces considerable noise, which may be controlled by sound insulation. The Sonotech system uses resonant frequency of the incinerator to create pulsations. In an older incinerator, if the sound energy is not properly applied, the Sonotech system could cause structural problems. 

Pulse combustion burner equipment is retrofit to an existing incinerator by Sonotech personnel the existing incinerator is located 500 miles away from the Sonotech facility, requiring that the combustion unit be transported 500 miles. 

TABLE 1 Cost Associated with the Sonotech Cello Pulse Combustion Technology in March 1995 Dollars... 

Pulse Combustion Spray Drying Systems http //www.pulsedry.com/... 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion. Moderately toxic by inhalation and skin contact. Corrosive to skin. A mild allergen. Symptoms of exposure are sweating, flushing, shormess of breath, and slow pulse. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOj. See also AMINES. 

Noise Noise analysis and abatement is a very speciahzed area. Generally, the issue with dryers is associated with the fans, particularly for systems requiring fans that develop very high pressures. Noise is a very big issue that needs to be addressed with pulse combustion dryers and can be an issue with very large dryers such as rotary dryers and kilns. 

Table 1 Pulsed combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC) data for the polycarbonates Comparison of PCFC data for polymer 6 to that for BPA polycarbonate...

Reverse fiow reactor operation Pulse combustion drying... 

Fig. 7.81 Schematic representation of the PCS rotary-valved pulse combustor/atomizer. Expianations see text (courtesy Pulse Combustion Systems, San Rafael, CA, USA).

Fig. 7.82 SEM photographs of some typical product from dryers with PCS pulse combustion atomizers (courtesy Pulse Combustion Systems, San Rafael, CA, USA), (a) non-fat dry milk, 200x (b) non-fat dry milk, 2,000x (c) sodium alkene sulfonate, 350x (d) sodium alkene sulfonate, 2,000x (e) soy sauce, 2,000x (f) silica alumina,...

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