Combos example

The use of AOS in toiletries and personal care products has now been established. In India, for example, AOS has been used by leading toilet soap manufacturers with clear performance benefits, especially in hard water-sensitive areas. Combo bars, where part of the usual fatty acid soap is replaced by synthetic AOS as shown in Table 29, seem to be especially attractive from a cost/performance point of view. 

Kim and co-workers recently reported an excellent example of dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) using lipase-ruthenium combo catalyst in an IE solvent system (Fig. 7). Applied to this protocol, the authors succeeded in preparing (R)-ester or (5 )-ester using lipase PS or subtilisin, respectively. An IE solvent system is truly appropriate for DKR because racemizafion takes place easily in a highly polar solvent. 

Figure 15-1. Examples of categories of figure art (A) line art, (B) halftone or continuous-tone art, (C) grayscale line art, and (D) a combo.

The major features defined by CONSENSUS/SNORKEL analysis of class Ai (Fig. lOB) are two Arg residues at the polar-nonpolar interface and four Leu residues in the center of the nonpolar face. From Table III, class Ai has a nonpolar face hydrophobicity comparable to that of class A2, but the mean hydrophobic moment is considerably lower, and, unlike class Ai, Arg residues are twice as prevalent as Lys residues Fig. 11 shows a COMBO analysis for the distribution of Lys versus Arg for class A2 versus class Ai. A typical example of the class Ai domain, apoA-I[165-186], is shown in Fig. 8C and D. 

Figures 9D and IOC show COMBO and CONSENSUS analyses, respectively, of the nine domains classified as class G amphipathic helices. Consistent with the lack of charged residue clustering, the only consensus feature identified is a cluster of four Leu residues on the nonpolar face. It is apparent from Table III that the class G amphipathic helices have a high mean hydrophobic moment and a moderately high nonpolar face hydrophobicity. A typical example of a class G amphipathic helical domain from apoE[9I-l 16] is shown in Fig. 8E and F.

Indeed, it is often valuable to use QSAR in silico predictions in combination with simple in vitro filters during the optimization phase. A recent example of such an in combo approach is the prediction of skin permeation. ... 

Iv Aries + Aries Think of chili peppers, saxophones, and volcanoes — everything hot. This fast-moving, action-oriented, competitive combo leads to fireworks — both when you want them and when you don t. Example Matthew Broderick and Sarah Jessica Parker. 

Sometimes reaction rates can be enhanced by using multifunctional reactors, i.e., reactors in which more than one function (or operation) can be performed. Examples of reactors with such multifunctional capability, or combo reactors, are distillation column reactors in which one of the products of a reversible reaction is continuously removed by distillation thus driving the reaction forward extractive reaction biphasing membrane reactors in which separation is accomplished by using a reactor with membrane walls and simulated moving-bed (SMB) reactors in which reaction is combined with adsorption. Typical industrial applications of multifunctional reactors are esterification of acetic acid to methyl acetate in a distillation column reactor, synthesis of methyl-fer-butyl ether (MTBE) in a similar reactor, vitamin K synthesis in a membrane reactor, oxidative coupling of methane to produce ethane and ethylene in a similar reactor, and esterification of acetic acid to ethyl acetate in an SMB reactor. These specialized reactors are increasingly used in industry, mainly because of the obvious reduction in the number of equipment. These reactors are considered by Eair in Chapter 12. 

Combo reactors can be of two types, separation oriented and reaction oriented. In the first, reaction is used to achieve efficient separation, such as in the separation of />-cresol from its mixture with /n-cresol. This method need not necessarily be restricted to separation, for it can also be attractive from the reaction point of view in the following scenario the required product from a process comes out with a byproduct of low value in a very difficultly separable mixture of the two. If the byproduct can be converted to a useful coproduct in an easily separable mixture with the primary product, then we would have an attractive process. Alternatively, there can be two unimportant by-products in a difficultly separable mixture which can be converted to an easily separable mixture of useful products. An interesting example of this is illustrated later in this chapter. 

Examples for the successful dynamic resolution of sec-alcohols using transition-metal-lipase/protease combo-catalysis are shown below. 

Figure 22. Molecular Sophe Graphical User Interface showing the Add Bond window. Note the atom eontaining unpaired electrons occurs in the left hand combo box. In this example Fel is the atom containing unpaired electrons.

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