Membrane Wall

Fig. 5. Concentration polarization = concentration at membrane wall, Cj, = bulk concentration, Cj,. = bulk concentration of species i, J = flux, and...

FIG. 2 The xy and a 3D projection of a typical osmotic MD simulation system. The semi-permeable membrane walls are in the yz plane. Periodic boundary conditions automatically generate an infinite pair of walls, infinite in the yz (transverse) directions, with alternating solution and solvent cells, each of thickness half the system width. 

Dryback boilers are still occasionally used when a high degree of superheat is required, necessitating a rear chamber to house the superheater too large for a semi-wet-back chamber. A water-cooled membrane wall chamber would be an alternative to this. 

Here solute concentration C and Cp (in permeate) are expressed as mass fractions, D is the diffusion coefficient of the solute and y is the distance from the membrane. Rearranging and integrating from C - Cf when y = / the thickness of the film, to C = Cw, the concentration of solute at the membrane wall, when y=0, gives ... 

The development of integral furnace boilers during the 1930s allowed walls constructed of banks of vertical tubes welded together to form a continuous membrane (membrane walls or water walls), which provided for simultaneous heat transfer from the furnace and a furnace water cooling surface. (Earlier WT boilers had completely separate cooling systems.)... 

When a boiler design employs a radiant superheater, it is located within the furnace section. Also within the furnace section are the water-cooled, membrane walls (water-wall tubes), risers, headers, and... 

Water Tube Steam Generators Steam generators for industrial applications may have internal boiler components such as drums, boiler bank, and membrane wall designed in one of several different arrangements. These arrangements are based on the position of the boiler drum and include the following ... 

Figure 5.5 Synthesis of an encapsulated metal catalyst by the LbL method with a different metal catalyst in the membrane walls. Reproduced by permission ofthe PCCP Owner Societies [58].

General Characteristics. Energy addition or extraction from fast fluidized beds are commonly accomplished through vertical heat transfer surfaces in the form of membrane walls or submerged vertical tubes. Horizontal tubes or tube bundles are almost never used due to concern with... 

Anderson, B. A., and Lechner, B., Local Lateral Distribution of Heat Transfer on Tube Surface of Membrane Walls in CFB Boiler, Circ. Fluid. Bed Tech IV, 311-318 (1993)... 

Mahalingan, M., and Kolar, A. K., Heat Transfer Model for Membrane Wall of a High Temperature Circulating Fluidized Bed, Circ. Fluid. Bed Tech. Ill, 239-246 (1990)... 

It is well known that dense ceramic membranes made of the mixture of ionic and electron conductors are permeable to oxygen at elevated temperatures. For example, perovskite-type oxides (e.g., La-Sr-Fe-Co, Sr-Fe-Co, and Ba-Sr-Co-Fe-based mixed oxide systems) are good oxygen-permeable ceramics. Figure 2.11 depicts a conceptual design of an oxygen membrane reactor equipped with an OPM. A detail of the ceramic membrane wall... 

Schematics of an oxygen membrane reactor for catalytic POx of methane. A blown up section on the left-hand side shows the details of the ceramic membrane wall explaining the mechanism of oxygen permeation across the membrane. /- is the chemical potential of oxygen and ai and

Uses single-stage upflow gasifier. Gasifier is a carbon steel vessel that contains a gasification chamber enclosed by a nonrefractory membrane wall. Water circulating through the membrane wall is used to control... 

Most ultrasonic experiments are carried out in temperature controlled systems to ensure that isothermal conditions are maintained. Even a small general increase in microbial temperature can influence both the active and passive transport systems of the cell membrane/wall and this in turn may lead to an increased uptake of compounds. If the temperature is not controlled then sonication could result in a large temperature increase which will lead to the denaturation (deactivation) of enzymes, proteins and other cellular components present within the microorganism [7]. 

Vesicle Small membrane-walled containers (50 nm diameter) present at the presynaptic terminal of the neuron in which neurotransmitters are stored and from which neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft... 

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