Combining with acids

Fnedel-Crafts alkylation Alcohols in combination with acids serve as sources of carbocations Attack of a carbocation on the electron rich ring of a phe nol brings about its alkylation... 

Table 1 Hsts many of acetamide s important physical properties. Acetamide, CH2CONH2, dissolves easily ia water, exhibiting amphoteric behavior. It is slow to hydroly2e unless an acid or base is present. The autodissociation constant is about 3.2 x 10 at 94°C. It combines with acids, eg, HBr, HCl, HNO, to form soHd complexes. The chemistry of metal salts ia acetamide melts has been researched with a view to developing electroplating methods. The hterature of acetamide melts and complexes, their electrochemistry and spectroscopy, has been critically reviewed (9).

Saure-bindungsvermogen, n. power to combine with acids, acid capacity, -bottich, m. acid vat. -braun, n. acid brown, -bromid,... 

Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is added for taste and mouth feel. It combines with acids to release carbon dioxide gas, adding to the foam produced by brushing. It is a mild abrasive. It may reduce the numbers of acid-loving bacteria in the mouth, although this effect lasts only as long as the mouth stays alkaline. 

The compounds are therefore basic and thus capable of combining with acids to form insoluble salts, which is the form in which they can be applied as pigments. 

The diazohydroxide, which is formed from the diazonium hydroxide by isomerisation, is said to he the pseudo-base of the latter (Hantzsch), because although it is itself not a base (hut rather an acid) it nevertheless combines with acid to form. he diazonium salt. 

Wool and silk are protein-like substances and hence are amphoteric. Accordingly, they can combine with acids as well as with bases. For this reason wool and silk can be dyed directly by dyes in virtue of their auxochromic groups. 

For metal catalysts used for hydrogenations and, in combination with acid functions, in hydrocarbon reforming reactions, the advantage of nano-size metal particles has been well known. More recently it has been demonstrated that metals on... 

The third method of separating optically active substances by combining them with optically active bases or acids had not been employed with any success until E. Fischer took up this question, the study of the optically active amino acids being his first work upon the chemical constitution of the proteins. The non-success of this method was in all probability due to the small affinity which the simple amino acids themselves have for combining with acids and bases even the attempts to separate the monoaminodicarboxylic acids, which are fairly strong acids, were not successful. 

Benzoylcarbazole has been prepared in poor yield using anhydrous zinc chloride and benzoic acid at 160°C, ° using zinc chloride-benzoic anhydride at 150°C, and more efficiently by the Fries rearrangement of 9-ben-zoylcarbazole. A mixture of 3-mono- and 3,6-di-o-toluylcarbazoles resulted from the use of aluminium chloride in combination with acid chloride. ... 

Acid production is a key feature in the manufacture of all cheese varieties -the pH decreases to about 5 ( 0.3, depending on variety) within 5-20h, at a rate depending on the variety (Figure 10.11). Acidification is normally achieved via the bacterial fermentation of lactose to lactic acid, although an acidogen, usually gluconic acid-<5-lactone, alone or in combination with acid, may be used in some cases, e.g. Mozzarella. 

Ami noted (Aminized) Cellulose or Amino-cellulose. By attaching amino-groups to a cellulose molecule(such as cotton), products are obtained which react differently than the untreated celluloses. Due to the presence of amino groups the atninated celluloses combine with acidic substances, such as acid dyes, some flame-proofing agents, rot-resisting compounds,and acidic explosives, such as 2,4-dinitrochlorbenzene, 2,4,6-trinitrochlor-benzene, etc... 

Sesquioxide—Ni2 Os—is a black powder, which may be procured by treating the hydrated protoxide with a solution of ohloroxide of sodium. It is singular that it does not combine with acids, but gives off a portion of its oxygen by ignition, or by heating with... 

Because O-glycosylation can also be accomplished with active esters (e.g., penta-fluorophenyl esters) [11] of Fmoc serine and threonine, the Fmoc technique provides a general method for the synthesis of glycopeptides. Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen glycopeptides and neoglycoproteins have been obtained by this method in preparative amounts [12], In combination with acid-labile polymeric benzyl ester anchors, this Fmoc technique was applied to solid-phase syntheses of glycopeptides [11,13,14]. 

Iodoso-compounds behave as diacid bases, e.g., C6H5I(OH)2, which combine with acids to form salts (Preparation 466). Reducing agents or... 

Alcohols, such as linalool (licareol, coriandrol), geraniol (lemonol, rhodinol, r6uniol), citronellol (the rhodinol or rduniol of some authors), tcrpineol, bomeol and menthol. The alcohols occur in these oils both in the free state and also in combination with acids as esters (see later). 

Heroin is a diester of morphine (3,6-diacetil morphine or DAM) obtained from the acetylation of both hydroxylic groups. It is a white, crystalline powder, with a bitter taste. It is unstable in air and light and typically produces an odor of acetic acid. Heroin, similarly to morphine, can be combined with acids producing water soluble salts, such as heroin hydrochloride. Similarly to morphine, it possesses narcotic and analgesic activity, but heroin causes strong addiction and intoxication. It is administered through inhalation, parenteral, subcutaneous, and above all intravenous. 

Depolymerizing modification of starch usually involves the use of enzymes, acid- (and less frequently base-) catalyzed hydrolysis, and thermolysis alone and thermolysis combined with acid-catalyzed hydrolysis (see a recent survey in this Series2). Despite several studies, the physical treatment of starch has not yet resulted in major practical applications. The aim of this Chapter is to review physical methods as tools for the treatment of starch which deliver amounts of energy suitable for depolymerizing starch to target products. It should be noted that the duration of such processes does not need to exceed that for conventional, namely enzymic, chemical, and thermal modifications. Moreover, a potential advantage of nonconventional physical treatments is the fact that they generate no waste products. 

The use of sonication in combination with -y-rays and ultraviolet light has been proposed.315 Ultrasound of 14 kHz affects starch by peptization. The use of such ultrasound in combination with acid promotes the saccharification of amylose and inhibits the process leading to amylopectin.316... 

Thus alkynylsilanes combine with acid chlorides to give alkynyl ketones in an electrophilic substitution reaction which is exemplified in Equation Si5.1 by the Lewis acid-catalysed reaction between 1-trimethylsilylhex-l-yne and ethanoyl chloride. 

Did you know that many of the chemical products in your home are hazardous, too For example, common household bleach, when used as directed, is safe for disinfecting and whitening clothing. Hazard labels on bleaching products, however, warn against mixing bleach with acids, household ammonia, or products that contain these chemicals. Bleach, when combined with acids, produces toxic chlorine gas. The products of combining bleach with ammonia are explosive. 

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