Column coupling, capillary

Chloride, sulphate Column coupling capillary isotachoelectrophoresis 0.02-0.1 mg L- [22]... 

Chloride, fluoride, nitrate, sulphate, nitrite and phosphate Column coupling capillary isotachoelectrophoresis - sub pg L [23]... 

Although the OTHdC has several unique applications in polymer analysis, this technique has several limitations. First, it requires the instrumentation of capillary HPLC, especially the injector and detector, which is not as popular as packed column chromatography at this time. Second, as discussed previously, the separation range of a uniform capillary column is rather narrow. Third, it is difficult to couple capillary columns with different sizes together as SEC columns. 

J. Cai and J. Henion, Quantitative multi-residue determination of /3-agonists in bovine urine using on-line immunoaffinity extr action-coupled column packed capillary liquid cliromatogr aphy-tandem mass spectr ometry , 7. Chromatogr. 691 357-370 (1997). 

Two-dimensional HPLC/CE separations are not limited to column HPLC/ column CE, as reported by Yang et al. (2003), who were able to couple capillary... 

A gas chromatograph with a capillary column coupled to a mass spectrometer is an ideal analytical partnership. Effluent from the column has an elevated temperature and the molecules of interest are in a vapor state and ready to enter the ion source. This eliminates the need for desolvation that is required in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-MS. 

Artemisinin 9a has been extracted from Artemisia annua L. by supercritical fluid extraction and analyzed by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) using a capillary column coupled with a flame ionization detector <1997JCFI(A)353>. The SFC method has also been used for the determination of artemisinin in whole blood <1995JCH(B)183>. 

Cai, J. Henion, J. 1997. Quantitative Multi-residue determination of beta-agonists in borine urine using on-line immunoaffinity extraction-coupled column packed capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl.,11,357-370. 

Welch KJ, Hoffman NE. 1993. Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenxodioxins and dibenzofurans by online coupled micro-column HPLC capillary GC-MS. Journal of Liquid Chromatography 16 307-313. 

Kaniansky, D., Masar, M., Bielcikova, J., Ivanyi, E, Eisenbeiss, J., Stanislawski, B., Grass, B., Neyer, A., Johnck, M., Capillary electrophoresis separations on a planar chip with the column-coupling configuration of the separation channels. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 3596-3604. 

Two approaches to the venting of the solvent prior to the detector have been presented in detail [137], Packed GC columns coupled to capillary columns have been used for the total transfer of effluent from the LC [138]. The current status of LC-GC has been reviewed [139]. The use and performance of the ELCD, NPD, and FPD GC detectors in liquid chromatography has also been reviewed [140]. Even though the majority of applications are not directly related to the analysis of pharmaceuticals, they may nevertheless be useful [141-146]. 

Kaniansky et al. [21] have also reported on a method for the determination of nitrate, sulphate, nitrite, fluoride and phosphate by capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with capillary isotachoelectrophoresis in the column coupling configuration. Such distributions of these anions are typical for many environmental matrices, and it is shown that capillary isotachophoresis-capillary zone electrophoresis tandem enables the capillary isotachoelectrophoresis determination of the macroconstituents, while capillary isotachophoresis-preconcentrated microconstituents cleaned up from the... 

Ion exchange chromatography (Chapter 12) is a well-established technique applicable to the determination of particular types of organic and organometallic compounds and anions and cations as has capillary column coupling isotachoelectrophoresis (Chapter 13). 

The same compounds have also been examined by Urasa et al. [50], who coupled an ion chromatograph to a DCP atom emission spectrometer2 by connecting the column end capillary with the nebulizer of the spectrometer, which was slightly modified [51]. A principle problem of DC plasma detection is the relatively low sensitivity, which may be attributed to the inadequate efficiency of the nebulization and to the sample dilution during the chromatographic process. The dilution effect alone accounts for a reduction... 

In fact, for the separation of proteins, a more pragmatic view is taken and the operating conditions are usually optimized by experiment. Such factors as type, pH, and concentration of electrolytes, capillary length, temperature, column coupling, current, and use of spacers must all be considered. 

Sielemann, S., Baumbach, J.I., Pilzecker, P., Walendzik, G. Detection of troras-l,2-dichlor-oethene, trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene using multi-capillary columns coupled to ion mobility spectrometers with UV-ionization sources. Int. J. Ion Mobility Spectrom. 2, 15-21, 1999. 

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