Atomic emission spectrometers

Schematic diagram of a muitichannei atomic emission spectrometer, showing the arrangement of muitipie exit siits and detectors for the simuitaneous anaiysis of severai eiements.

Recently it has been shown that rotating coiled columns (RCC) can be successfully applied to the dynamic (flow-through) fractionation of HM in soils and sediments [1]. Since the flow rate of the extracting reagents in the RCC equipment is very similar to the sampling rate that is used in the pneumatic nebulization in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), on-line coupling of these devices without any additional system seems to be possible. 

The chemical composition of the samples was determined using an inductively Coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) JY 38 from Jobin Yvon. Specific surface area values were determined by BET method using a Micromeritics Instrument Corp. FlowSorb 2300. The basicity of the materials was studied by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of C02 used as a probe molecule. The equipment was described in a previous work [7]. FTIR spectra of pellets pressed at 2.5xl08 Pa were recorded with a Vector 22 spectrometer from Brucker. The samples were diluted with KBr (lOOmg KBr - 1.5mg of the sample). 

Glow discharge lamp (analogous to hollow cathode lamp) in which the sample acts as the cathode. Attached to a standard atomic emission spectrometer. 

The instrument which uses this plasma torch is called an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) or an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). It is similar to an... 

Inductively coupled plasma, atomic emission spectrometer Vpbmu 3000XL Catalyst loading and bulk composition PG ... 

Atomic absorption/atomic emission spectrometer with air-acetylene burner head. Pressurized acetylene cylinder. Air compressor. 

Color Plate 23 Polychromator for Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer with One Detector for Each Element (Section 21-4) Light emitted by a sample in the plasma enters the polychromator at the right and is dispersed into its component wavelengths by grating at the bottom of the diagram. Each different emission wavelength (shown schematically by colored lines) is diffracted at a different angle and directed to a different photomultiplier detector on the focal curve. Each detector sees only one preselected element, and all elements are measured simultaneously. [Courtesy TJA Solutions, Franklin, MA.J... 

Thompson and Zao [170] have described a solvent extraction-inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method for the determination of down to 0.02 - 0.03 xg/g of molybdenum in soils. The soil sample is pressure-leached with 6 M hydrochloric acid and at 120 °C for 15 minutes. The digest is then extracted with heptan-2-one to separate molybdenum from potentially interfering elements such as iron, aluminium, calcium and magnesium. This organic extract is then directly sprayed into an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer operated at 1.65 to 1.7 kW power. 

Cordos, E.A., Frentiu, T., Rusu, A.-M. and Vatca, G. (1995) Elemental speciation of lead, zinc and copper in sedimented dust and soil using a capacitively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer as detector. Analyst, 120, 725-731. 

A rapid method of analysis of organo-tin compounds in sediment and biological CRMs was developed (Pereiro et al., 1997). Ethylated butyltin compounds were separated isothermally on a multicapillary (MC) gas chromatographic column in less than 30 s as compared with 5-10 min on a regular capillary column. The MC column consisted of a bundle of about 900 1 m-long, 40 mm i.d. coated capillaries. The column was connected to a microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometer. Phenyltin compounds were also included in the procedure. Detection limits of MBT, DBT and TBT were about 0.2ngml 1 (as tin). 

Methyl mercury is of much greater concern when health effects are considered, as it is much more toxic than ionic mercury or free mercury. Methyl mercury is also much more likely to be bioaccumulated, leading to serious contaminations, especially of fish. The speciation for mercury can be accomplished by derivatizing the methyl mercury and Hg2+ with sodium tetraethylborate, NaBEt4. The volatile MeHgEt, from methyl mercury, and HgEt2, from Hg2+, species formed are purged from the sample solution and separated in a GC column. An atomic emission spectrometer is used as a detector. 

Liu et al. [45] separated sub ng amounts of arsenite, monomethylarsenic and dimethylarsinic acids using dodeyldimethyl-ammonium bromide vesicles for liquid chromatography coupled to an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer. 

Mercury Microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer ppt [784]... 

Procedure Use an Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES), or equivalent instrumentation with similar capabilities. Follow the instrument manufacturer s instructions for setting instrument parameters for assay of cadmium. Select appropriate background correction points for the cadmium analyte according to the recommendations of the instrument manufacturer. Select analytical wavelengths to yield adequate sensitivity and freedom from interference. 

Characterization of materials was achieved by powder X-ray diffraction, using a Siemens D500 diffractometer, and by scanning electron microscopy. Elemental analysis of pure single phase materials was carried out using a Jarrel Ash Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer. 

The Hehum Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer Courtesy of the Hewlett-Packard Corporation... 

A Separation Monitored by an Atomic Emission Spectrometer for Four Different Elements... 

The association of a spectrometer with a liquid chromatograph is usually to aid in structure elucidation or the confirmation of substance identity. The association of an atomic absorption spectrometer with the liquid chromatograph, however, is usually to detect specific metal and semi-metallic compounds at high sensitivity. The AAS is highly element-specific, more so than the electrochemical detector however, a flame atomic absorption spectrometer is not as sensitive. If an atomic emission spectrometer or an atomic fluorescence spectrometer is employed, then multi-element detection is possible as already discussed. Such devices, used as a LC detector, are normally very expensive. It follows that most LC/AAS combinations involve the use of a flame atomic absorption spectrometer or an atomic spectrometer fitted with a graphite furnace. In addition in most applications, the spectrometer is set to monitor one element only, throughout the total chromatographic separation. 

The main components of an atomic emission spectrometer are an atomization and ionization cell, a method of sample introduction, the spectrometer and detector. In contrast to AAS, no radiation source is required. 

An ICP-MS instrument will not tolerate dissolved solids at concentrations that can be run with an ICP-atomic emission spectrometer. In addition to increasing the probability of interelement (isobaric) interferences and signal suppression, high levels of dissolved solids condense on the sample-cone orifice. This deposition degrades the sensitivity and stability of the analytical signal. Typically, a maximum of 0.1% dissolved solids is recommended for continuous nebulization with a pneumatic... 

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