Smokes, coloured

Coloured smoke compositions White smoke compositions (except those in Group 5) Compositions with <35% chlorate... 

Coloured smoke devices Sealed table bombs White smoke devices... 

Coloured smoke compositions Low/medium Large firework shells ... 

Aspects of special effects described in this chapter include fuses (quickmatch and plastic fuse), lances (small coloured flares), set-pieces and devices (assemblies consisting of various types of fireworks linked together), flash, bang and whistle compositions and daylight fireworks (smoke puffs and coloured smokes). Finally, the electrical firing of firework displays is discussed. 

For coloured smoke puffs, pigments based on metal chromates are utilised, the pigment being intimately mixed with a fuel such as magnesium. On combustion in free air, a smoke cloud is produced that has residual colour due to the chromate. 

Solvent dyes are also used in the coloration of any solvent or wax based product, including polishes, cosmetics, crayons, candles, inks, stains and adhesives. They are also in the coloured smokes that are used in outdoor displays, for instance coloured trails from aircraft, and in safety and security applications. 

The name pyrotechnic is derived from the Greek words pyr (fire) and techne (an art), which describes the effect observed from a burning pyrotechnic composition. These effects include the production of coloured smoke, noise, and the emission of bright-coloured light. Pyrotech-... 

The light of the flare is rather pale and the smoke lines are yellow, but we don t sense the colours, merely the contrast between the brilliancies rather like a black and white drawing. Another of the extremes may be the "Flower in the Sunset", which is a smoke flower with red stars of high brilliancy as the pistils. In this case only the red of the pistils meikes a deep impression, and any coloured smoke red, yellow, green, blue or violet can serve as petals because it has only an auxiliary effect against the pistils. 

In the majority of coloured smokes, even with some physical smokes, colour change generally occurs during the generation of the smoke. A clear beautiful colour changes gradually to a whitish or yellowish one, or suddenly a flame appears and burns out the smoke particles to make them invisible. 

Dextrine does not have a large cohesive power with the consequence that it is not widely used as the binding agent of firework compositions in Japan, but it is used as the combustion agent for coloured smoke compositions When it comes in contact with heated potassium chlorate, it reacts with the hlorate at 3 2°C, which is higher than that of milk or cane sugar Dextrine burns more easily than starch ... 

Auramine gives smoke of pure yellow, and is used alone or in combination with other dyes to obtain green or other coloured smokes. When it is used alone for yellow smoke, it looks somewhat weaker than realgar in yellovmess. 

A light bulky composition like coloured smoke is apt to cohere to the wall of the mixer. This disturbs the mixing. In this case an enclosed vessel with a revolving metal paddle is very useful, but for compositions which contain chlorate mechanical stirring cannot be allowed. 

Application of natural aqueous smoke flavourings to meat is done in large part for the purpose of producing smoked colour. Smoke solutions are applied to the surface of meat where smoked product colour is desired. The carbonyls are known to be the initiators of a brown smoked colour. While aqueous smoke solutions are innately a reddish brown colour, virtually none of this colour is imparted to the product through a staining effect. Rather, carbonyls first react with amines to produce Schiff bases which eventually end up as mealnoidins through complex, multiple-step reactions which are driven by heat and dehydration. 

Coloured smoke is usually a pyrotechnic mixture of chlorate salts and a fuel which bums and distributes dye particles into the air. Smoke ammunition includes a burster which opens the cartridge on arrival, or it includes a system which ignites the mixture in the container to allow the smoke to pass out through a series of perforations. 

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