Chlorate salts

Chemical Properties. Chloric acid is a strong acid and an oxidising agent. It reacts with metal oxides or hydroxides to form chlorate salts, and it is readily reduced to form chlorine dioxide. 

Table 3. Mass Ratio of Crystalline Chloride and Chlorate Salts in Equilibrium with an Aqueous Solution...

Chemical Properties. On thermal decomposition, both sodium and potassium chlorate salts produce the corresponding perchlorate, salt, and oxygen (32). Mixtures of potassium chlorate and metal oxide catalysts, especially manganese dioxide [1313-13-9] Mn02, are employed as a laboratory... 

Potassium chlorate is used mainly in the manufacture of matches (qv) and pharmaceutical preparation. In pyrotechnics, chlorate salts may be mixed with certain organic compounds such as lactose to give a relatively cool flame, so that certain dyes may be incorporated in the mixture to give colored flares. 

Syn-Dihydroxylation. When the reaction was first discovered, the syn-dihydroxylation of alkenes was carried out by using a stoichiometric amount of osmium tetroxide in dry organic solvent.56 Hoffman made the observation that alkenes could react with chlorate salts as the primary oxidants together with a catalytic quantity of osmium tetroxide, yielding syn-vicinal diols (Eq. 3.11). This catalytic reaction is usually carried out in an aqueous and tetrahydrofuran solvent mixture, and silver or barium chlorate generally give better yields.57... 

Rail tanks of 86% aqueous solutions or slurries of the salt exploded, apparently dining pump-transfer operations [1]. The course and mechanism or thermal decomposition has been investigated. Traces of rust or copper powder catalyse and accelerate the decomposition, so corrosion prevention is an important aspect of safety measures [2], It is of higher thermal stability than the chlorate salt, or the nitrite, which decomposes at ambient temperature [3],... 

It occasionally explodes spontaneously, and invariably above 100°C [1], It will explode after 11 h at 40°C, and after 45 min at 70°C. Ammonium and chlorate salts should not be mixed together [2],... 

Ammonium salts, Chlorate salts MRH Ammonium chlorate 9.07/74... 

If this reaction occurs, the chance of spontaneous ignition of the mixture is likely. Therefore, any composition containing both a chlorate salt and an ammonium salt must be considered extremely hazardous. The shipping regulations of the United States Department of Transportation classify any such mixtures as "forbidden explosives" because of their instability [8]. However, compositions consisting of potassium chlorate, ammonium chloride, and organic fuels have been used, reportedly safely, for white smoke production [Ij. 

A first example of nucleophilic catalyst with transacylase activity is given by an equimolar mixture of a Ba + salt (either bromide or perchlorate) and p-tert-butylcalix [4]arene-crown-5 (1), which catalyzes the methanolysis of aryl acetates in MeCN— MeOH (1 1, v/v) under slightly basic conditions (3 1 diisopropylethylamine-per-chlorate salt buffer) at 25°C [19,20]. 

Chlorates Compounds formed from chloric acid(HC103), by combination of the monovalent radical -C103 a metal, hydrogen or other radical, are called chlorates. The chlorate salts are crystalline some are deliquescent they are decompd by heat with evolution of oxygen sol ih water and are powerful oxidg agents. The principal toxic effects are the production of methemoglobin in the blood destruction of red blood corpuscles... 

Chlorate salts are used as weed-killers and as strong oxidizing agents. Potassium chlorate, for example, is an oxidizer in matches, fireworks, and explosives. It also reacts vigorously with organic matter. 

CAUTION Red phosphorus is a dangerous compound. Respirators should be worn while handling this component and care taken to ensure that the dust is not ingested, breathed or allowed contact with the skin. DO NOT use any container or other utensil that has at any time been used with potassium chlorate or any chlorate salt. An explosion is a certainty. I have a picture of a bomb squad crewmember with his hand turned into a mist by this compositions detonation and it does not look at all pleasant. 

Chlorate salts, such as KCIO3, are also strong oxidizing agents and are used as weed killers and as oxidizers in fireworks (see Chapter 12) and explosives. 

Violent reactions with ammonium salts, chlorate salts, beryllium fluoride, boron diiodophosphide, carbon tetrachloride + methanol, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,2-dibromoethane, halogens or interhalogens (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine vapor, chlorine trifluoride, iodine heptafluoride), hydrogen iodide, metal oxides + heat (e.g., beryllium oxide, cadmium oxide, copper oxide, mercury oxide, molybdenum oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide), nitrogen (when ignited), silicon dioxide powder + heat, polytetrafluoroethylene powder + heat. 

Note that I included the state subscript of (aq) for the reactants but not for the products. We know that the reactants are in aqueous form, because that is mentioned in the original question. To figure out if the products are aqueous or not, we need to consult either the solubility rules or Figure 6-3a. The rules tell us that chlorate salts are essentially all soluble, so we will add the (aq) subscript to the sodium chlorate. We also note that Figure 6-3a states that lead (II) iodide is insoluble, which means that it is probably the precipitate that appeared in the bottom of the test tube. We use the (s) subscript to indicate a precipitate. 

CHLORATE SALT of SODIUM (7775-09-9) Noncombustible, this material decomposes explosively below 572°F/300°C, liberating oxygen and thereby increasing the intensity of fire or making other materials more highly combustible. A powerful oxidizer. Reacts violently... 

Coloured smoke is usually a pyrotechnic mixture of chlorate salts and a fuel which bums and distributes dye particles into the air. Smoke ammunition includes a burster which opens the cartridge on arrival, or it includes a system which ignites the mixture in the container to allow the smoke to pass out through a series of perforations. 

---