Combustion agents

Hikiforov N.N. Bakham, The Effect of Aluminum Additives On the Operational Effectiveness of the Catalytic Combustion Agent Fe203 , Rept No FTD-HT-23-627-74 (1973)... 

Non-combustible agent-resistant interior surface finishes. 

Combustion agent BL. This was named by H.Murai, who first introduced this substance into firework use in Japan after World War II. It is sold as a dark brown powder. It melts at 82 C and this melting point is lO C higher than that of wood rosin FF. This material seems to correspond to a product sold by Hercules Inc.in the USA. Another chemical difference between this material and wood rosin may be in the acid value(the milligram number of potassium hydroxide wasted by neutralization of acid base -COOH contained in 1 gram of the material) the acid value of this material is about a half of that of wood rosin. 

One analysis showed that it contained 75% C, 17% 0, 7% H and 0.8% ash. The carbon content is somewhat less and the oxygen content is more than that of wood rosin FF. Pine root pitch therefore disturbs the flame colour less than wood rosin FF or the combustion agent BL., It burns in combination with ammonium perchlorate at F/0 = 2 10 producing a white brilliant flame. When it is used even in combination with potassium perchlorate, it produces a large burning rate which is as large as that of chlorate compositions. 

Charcoal is used for many purposes e,g. to obtain an explosive force as a fuel producing a large amount of heat and gas in combination with an oxidizer to adjust the burning rate of compositions to obtain sparks or fire dust to modify the ignition character of compositions to increase brightness of.flames or simply as a combustion agent which helps the burning of compositions. 

Magnesium is attacked also by some organic materials, especially by organic acids which are dissolved in alcohol or acetone. Wood rosin FF is the most reactive, but shellac, accroides resin(red gum) or BL combustion agent cause almost no reaction. 

Dextrine does not have a large cohesive power with the consequence that it is not widely used as the binding agent of firework compositions in Japan, but it is used as the combustion agent for coloured smoke compositions When it comes in contact with heated potassium chlorate, it reacts with the hlorate at 3 2°C, which is higher than that of milk or cane sugar Dextrine burns more easily than starch ... 

Picric acid is used for manufacturing potassium picrate for whistles. It is sometimes used as a combustion agent for black snakes. Wlien handling picric acid ordinary metallic containers or tools must be avoided. 

C = Potassium chlorate base composition(6 /o potassium chlorate, lk% combustion agent, 13 strontium carbonate, G% binding agent). 

Fig.56 Content of glutinous rice starch and the characteristics of a chlorate composition(67 parts potassium chlorate, Ik parts BL combustion agent, 13 parts strontium carbonate and X parts starch by weight).

As a combustion agent it generates a combustion heat of about 800 kcal per 1 kg of mixture of wheat flour and potassium chlorate this value is the largest compared to other materials such as milk sugar, cane sugar and dextrine etc. 

Basic copper carbonate 13 Combustion agents (Fuels)... 

It has a melting point of 169.5°C and boils at 210°C with evolution of nitrous oxide. It forms chloramines on chlorination and is incompatible with acetic acid acetic anhydride, hexamethylene tetramine acetate, and nitric acid mixture ammonia aluminum, calcium nitrate, and formamide mixture metals alkali metals and combustible agents. 

Potassium chlorate base compos it ion(67% potassium chlorate, 14% combustion agent, 13% strontium carbonate, 6% binding agent). 

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