Color minerals

Consumer articles often use colorants (qv), reodorants, or finishing agents. Carbon black (qv) provides the best technological properties for industrial appHcations, so most mbber articles are black. Red iron oxide or other inorganic pigments are used to color mineral-filled articles. Organic... 

Naturally occurring colored minerals that contain oxides of iron are known by such names as ochre [1309-37-1], umber [12713-03-0], sienna [1309-37-1], etc. These show greater variation in color and tinting power than the synthetic equivalents, and the nature and amount of impurities in the national products is also variable. Most of the pigments identified in Table 9 are, therefore, manufactured synthetically. They are primarily used in skin-makeup products and in eye-area colorants. 

Erdfarbe,/. earthy color, mineral color, erd-farbig, -farben, a. earth-colored, -feucht, a. moist (like damp earth). 

Since ferrous iron usually colors minerals green, and ferric iron yellow or brown, it may seem rather remarkable that the presence of both together should give rise to a blue color, as in the case of vivianite. It may be pointed out, however, that this is by no means a unique instance of such an effect. Even apart from the artificial substances, Prussian and Turnbull s blues, which are complex cyanides containing both ferric and ferrous iron, there are several blue minerals in which the color seems explainable only on this basis. The most noteworthy of these are crocidolite and related amphiboles iolite and the blue tourmaline or indicolite. Other instances may perhaps be discovered, should this subject ever be investigated as it deserves to be . 

Shirozu, H. (1958) X-ray powder patterns and cell dimensions of some chlorites in Japan, with a note on their interference colors. Mineral. J., 2, 209-223. 

By cyanos, Dioscorides, as Theophrastus and Pliny, means our lapis lazuli, and by armenion our azurite, both being blue-colored minerals. Pliny refers to these also. Cyanos, he refers to as a kind of iaspis (jasper) of a blue color, and armenium as a mineral of blue color, thinner in color and cheaper than coeruleum. 

Figure 16. Infrared spectrum of Etowah Mound C 842 G green-colored mineralized fibers compared to that of malachite (IRUG 00057)(19).

A paint pigment is a powder derived from grinding a colored mineral. It is a colored precipitate formed when certain ions combine. A black pigment is carbon derived from the combustion of a hydrocarbon. In the past bones were burned to produce carbon black. 

Since ferrous iron usually colors minerals green, and ferric iron yellow or brown, it may seem rather remarkable that the presence of both together should give rise to a blue color, as in the case of vivianite. — Other instances may perhaps be discovered, should this subject ever be investigated as it deserves to be. 

Opalescence is a pearly or milky internal reflection, most common in white or light-colored minerals such as some opal or moonstone (albite or ortho-clase feldspar). This is also known as adularescence. Like iridescence and play of color, these properties are not consistent within any natural material, and can only be used to describe individual specimens. Some synthetic materials have been created specifically to display these properties and so always show them. 

Figure 25 TEM microradiographs of individual bone cells (a) osteoclast, a multinucleate cell (b) osteoblast, mononucleate with surrounding matrix only partially mineralized (dark spots in fibrous matrix) (c) osteocyte, mononucleate, completely embedded in darkly colored mineralized tissue. Scale the nuclei of these cells are 5 p,m in diameter (courtesy of Lynn Ann Neff, Department of Orthopaedics, Yale University).

Sudan . [BASF BASF AG] Oil-and fat-soluble dyes for marking and coloring mineral oil prods., e.g., engine fuels, heating oil, lubricating greases, shoe polishes, flowpolishes and waxes. 

The pyroxene group and the amphibole group, respectively, are representatives of silicate minerals having single-chain and double-chain tetrahedral networks. Pyroxenes are believed to be significant components of Earth s mantle, whereas amphiboles are dark-colored minerals commonly found in continental rocks. 

Vanadinite Pb5(V04)3Cl is generally a strongly colored mineral that rarely shows fluorescence, but the weakest colored varieties, straw-yellow in physical color, can show yellow or greenish-yellow emission. Robbins (1994) notes that such vanadinite from Santa Eulalia, Chihuahua, Mexico is probably endlichite, with a large amount of arsenate substituting for vanadate. 

Lithology The character of a rock described in terms of its structure, color, mineral composition, grain size, and arrangement of its component parts all those visible features that in the aggregate impart individuality of the rock lithology is the basis of correlation in coal mines and commonly is reliable over a distance of a few miles. 

Upper housing Canister Aesthetic surface High gloss Colorability Mineral reinforced PP High isotacticity PP... 

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