Colony-stimulating factor therapy

Mueller BU, Burt R, Gulick L, Jacobsen F, Pizzo PA, Horne M. Disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy in a child with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Pediatr 1995 126(5 Pt l) 749-52. 

Calderwood S, Kilpatrick L, Douglas SD, Freedman M, Smith-Whitley K, Rolland M, Kurtzberg J. Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy for patients with neutropenia and/or neutrophil dysfunction secondary to glycogen storage disease type lb. Blood 2001 97(2) 376-82. 

Lang E, Cibull ML, Gallicchio VS, Henslee-Downey PJ, Davey DD, Messino MJ, Harder EJ. Proliferation of abnormal bone marrow histiocytes, an undesired effect of granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor therapy in a patient with Hurler s syndrome undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Am J Hematol 1992 41(4) 280. ... 

Wilson PA, Ayscue LH, Jones GR, Bentley SA. Bone marrow histiocytic proliferation in association with colony-stimulating factor therapy. Am J Clin Pathol 1993 99(3) 311-3. 

Reference Drug Enhanced Neutrophil Recovery Other Benefits Related to Colony-Stimulating Factor Therapy... 

Melis D, et al. Impaired bone metabolism in glycogen storage disease type 1 is associated with poor metabolic control in type la and with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy in type lb. Horm Paediatr. 2014 81(l) 55-62. 

Abdel-Latif A, Both R, Zuba-Surma EK, Tleyjeh IM, Hornung CA, Dawn B. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy for cardiac repair after acute myocardial infarction a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J 2008 156(2) 216-226.e9. 

Neutropenia associated with interferon or pegylated interferon therapy is defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of less than 1000 cells/mm3 in rare cases, an ANC less than 500 cells/mm3 maybe observed. The neutropenia is more common and in some cases more severe with pegylated interferon than with unmodified interferon. Neutropenia usually occurs within the first 2 weeks after initiating either formulation of interferon, with the WBC count stabilizing by week four or six. The neutropenia is reversible upon discontinuing therapy. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor has been used as an adjunctive therapy for interferon-induced neutropenia in hepatitis patients.44... 

Spitler, L.E. et al., Adjuvant therapy of stage HI and IV malignant melanoma using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, J Clin Oncol, 18, 1614, 2000. 

Stem cell therapy involves infusion of specialized cells utilized to perform specific functions. The traditional use of cell therapy includes harvest and cryopreservation of autologous hematopoietic cells either from the bone marrow (old approach) or mobilization and pheresis of hematopoietic stem cells from peripheral blood using stem cell-mobilizing cytokines such as hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF, GM-CSF) or chemokine inhibitors (AMD-3100). A more recent stem cell source is umbilical cord blood that has rich pleuripotent potential and can engraft at lower doses than bone marrow or mobilized peripheral blood stem cells. 

In the next phase of the study, transcripts of up-regulated genes granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and IgG were introduced into a mouse model corranonly used to test potential therapies for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Erom microarray analysis, G-CSF was found to be up-regulated in acute MS but not in the chronic state of the disease. Subcutaneous injection of G-CSF prior to induction of EAE prevented onset of the disease in mice. The reversal of EAE by G-CSE has also been described (see Eock, 2002, Reference 40). 

VokesEE, Haraf DJ, DrinkardLC, etal. A phase I trial of concomitant chemoradio therapy with cisplatin dose intensification and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor support for advanced malignancies of the chest. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1995 35(4) 304-312. 

BrocksteinB, Haraf DJ, Stenson K, etal. Phase I study of concomitant chemoradio therapy with paclitaxel, fluorouracil, and hydroxyurea with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support for patients with poor-prognosis cancer of the head and neck. J Clin Oncol 1998 16 735-744. 

The feasibility and efficacy of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy and subsequent intracoronary infusion of collected peripheral blood stem cells were prospectively investigated in the MAGIC randomized clinical trial [137], which showed improved cardiac function and promotion of angiogenesis in myocardial infarction patients. 

The existence of some blood cells, such as erythrocytes and platelets, with long lifespans make cell transfusion therapy practical. Cell transfusion therapy cannot be developed for short-lived cells such as neutrophils with turnover rates of less than 8 hours. Fortunately, for neutrophils, colony stimulating factors can be used to recruit the needed number in blood within 24 hours after administration of these factors. 

F. Role in therapy According to Micro-medex, treatment of severe chemotherapy-related thrombocytopenia is hmited to platelet transfusions. There is a need for an alternative, especially due to the frequent use of myeloid colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF, GM-CSF) to reduce febrile neutropenia although effective, their use increases the risk of acute and prolonged thrombocytopenia, and the need for platelet transfusions. Other cytokines, such as interleukin-1 and interleukin-6, have been investigated as a means of ameliorating chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, but results have been equivocal. 

Caution Several cases of hepatocellular carcinoma have been reported in patients with aplastic anemia treated with androgen anabolic therapy. Erythropoietin and colony-stimulating factors (see Chapter 33) should be used instead. 

Tajiri J, Noguchi S. Antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis how has granulocyte colony-stimulating factor changed therapy Thyroid 2005 15(3) 292-7. 

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