Cohort studies pregnancy

Baghurst PA, Robertson EF, McMichael AJ, et al. 1987. The Port Pirie cohort study Lead effects on pregnancy outcome and early childhood development. Neurotoxicology 8 395-401. 

McMichael AJ, Vimpani GV, Robertson EF, et al. 1986. The Port Pirie cohort study Maternal blood lead and pregnancy outcome. J Epidemiol Community 40 18-25. 

Utilize previously studied birth cohorts to investigate the incidence of latent adverse reproductive outcomes later in life (cohorts with pregnancy exposure data are extremely important). 

However, first trimester in utero exposure to a glucocorticoid was associated with a small risk of major neonatal malformations, according to the results of a Canadian meta-analysis (383). Six cohort studies and one case-control study were analysed, and the results showed that women who had taken long-term glucocorticoid therapy during pregnancy were more likely to have a baby with a major malformation than women who had not (OR = 2.46 95% Cl = 1.41, 4.29). 

Jedrychowski W, Bendkowska I, Flak E, Penar A, Jacek R, Kaim I, Spengler JD, Camann D, Perera FP (2004) Estimated risk for altered fetal growth resulting from exposure to fine particles during pregnancy An epidemiologic prospective cohort study in Poland. Environ Health Perspect, 112(14) 1398-1402. 

Senn KM, McGuinness BM, Buck Louis GM, Vena JE, Anderson S, Rogers BT (2005) Longitudinal study of babies born to mothers enrolled in a preconception prospective pregnancy study Study design and methodology, New York State angler cohort study. Environ Res, 97(2) 163-169. 

Artemisinin derivatives have been studied in 461 pregnant women in a prospective cohort study in Thailand over 8 years (33). Oral artesunate monotherapy was associated with a treatment failure rate of 6.6%. Artesunate and artemether were well tolerated. The rates of abortions (including 44 first-trimester exposures), stillbirths, or congenital abnormalities were 4.8%, 1.58%, and 0.8% respectively, and were not significantly different from pregnant controls. These results are reassuring, but further information is needed before the safety of artesunate in pregnancy can be confirmed. 

Irl C, Hasford J. Assessing the safety of drugs in pregnancy the role of prospective cohort studies. Drug Saf 2000 22(3) 169-77. 

Diav-Citrin O, Shechtman S, Gotteiner T, Arnon J, Ornoy A. Pregnancy outcome after gestational exposure to metronidazole a prospective controlled cohort study. Teratology 2001 63(5) 186-92. 

Henderson J, North K, Griffiths M, Harvey I, Golding J Pertussis vaccination and wheezing illnesses in young children Prospective cohort study. The Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood Team. BMJ 1999 318 1173-1176. 

Although randomized, controlled trials form the basis for some of the most reliable assessments of drug safety, pregnant women usually are not eligible for participation in clinical trials. Other types of data often are used to estimate the risk associated with medication use during pregnancy, such as animal studies, case reports, case-control studies, prospective cohort studies, historical cohort studies, and voluntary reporting systems. 

TTP information. As with other NYS Angler Cohort studies, limitations include the reliance on self-reported exposure data and outcome data, and the lack of information on potential confounding factors such as occupational exposures, alcohol and caffeine consumption, and current smoking status. In addition, women with unplanned pregnancies were necessarily ruled out from the analysis Buck et al. (1997) noted that this may be a potential bias inherent in the study. 

Preliminary results of a prospective cohort study suggest that echinacea does not appear to pose a teratogenic risk. This study cohort was identified through Canada s Motherisk Program. Forty-five pregnancies in which echinacea was used have been followed thus far, with two spontaneous abortions, no stillbirths, and no malformations. Data on additional pregnancies will be collected (Gallo et al.,... 

Gallo M, Au W, Koren G. The safety of echinacea use during pregnancy a prospective controlled cohort study. Teratology 1998 57 283. 

Atkinson SE, Crocker TD, Needleman HL The importance of specification uncertainty and intolerance to measurement error in a study of the impact of dentine lead on children s IQs. International Journal of Environmental Studies 29 127-138,1987 Baghurst PA, Robertson EF, McMichael AJ, et al The Port Pirie cohort study lead effects on pregnancy outcome and early childhood development. Neurotoxicology 8 395-402, 1987... 

ATSDR is conducting a retrospective cohort study of adverse pregnancy outcomes in a military population that resided at Marine Corps Camp LeJeune in North Carolina where there is documented past exposure to tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and 1,2-dichloroethylene in drinking water supplies. 

Chuang, C.H., P. Doyle, J.D. Wang, et al. 2006. Herbal medicines used during the first trimester and major congenital malformations An analysis of data from a pregnancy cohort study. DrugSaf.29 6)-.537-54S. 

Fertility and pregnancy outcome following pelvic arterial embolization for severe post-partum haemorrhage. A cohort study. Hum Reprod 18 849-852... 

Inclusion criteria consisted of human studies of any language which were 1) case control or cohort study in design 2) included maternal inhalational, occupational, organic solvent exposure 3) had an outcome of major malformation and/or spontaneous abortion and 4) included first trimester pregnancy exposure. Exclusion criteria consisted of animal studies, non-inhalational exposure, case reports, letters, editorials, review articles and studies... 

Meta-analysis of both the cohort studies and case-control studies produced similar results, i.e., they demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between organic solvent exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy and fetal malformation. The summary odds ratio... 

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