Spatial codes

Even the lawn format still does not represent the final limit of miniaturization. The one well/one catalyst or one bead/one catalyst strategy, where catalyst identity is spatially coded, can be replaced by in situ synthesis combined with mass spectrometry [48]. The advantage of this strategy is the use of a mass spectrometer for the synthesis, reaction and analysis. The described electrospray ionization procedure helps to avoid the cleavage of chemical bonds, which would falsify the results. The synthesis step does not have to deliver clean and isolated products. Instead, after synthesis, the reactants are first separated by a quadrupole. In a second step, they are further reacted in an octapole and the reaction products are finally isolated in a second quadrupole and analyzed. Figure 3.15 describes the screening process in detail [49],... 

CognitK (spatially coding o e maps organised setting)... 

Rodrigues, V. (1988). Spatial coding of olfactory information in the antennal lobe of Drosophila melanogaster. Brain. Res. 453, 299-307. 

The point to be made here is that animals often have multiple cues or mechanisms available by which to encode locations in space. These mechanisms may be used redundantly, or one mechanism may replace another with experience or with the removal of a particular cue. Experiments in which the spatial environment is transformed in some way often reveal alternative spatial codes. Two examples will be discussed. 

The Possible Use of Spatial Codes in Other Cognitive Domains... 

The linear and circular arrangements of tunnels used by Roberts and Phelps (1994) to study the use of a spatial code by rats given transitive inference problems. 

Spatial Coding of Serial Order in Working Memory... 

Roberts, W. A., and Phelps, M. T. (1994). Transitive inference in rats a test of the spatial coding hypothesis. Psychological Science, 5, 368-374. 

Wilson, M., and Emmorey, K. (1998b). Modality matters spatial coding in working memory for signs. Paper presented at Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research, Washington, D.C., November. 

Johnson BA, Woo CC, Leon M. 1998. Spatial coding of odorant features in the glomerular layer of the rat olfactory bulb. J Comp Neurol 393 457-471. 

Rubin BD, Katz LC. 2001. Spatial coding of enantiomers in the rat olfactory bulb. Nat Neurosci 4 355-356. 

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