Coffee daily intake

Oral caffeine loads added to decaffeinated coffee or tea Self report of daily intake of cups of coffee... 

It has been estimated that beverage consumption may provide the following amounts of caffeine per cup or average measure coffee, 30-150 mg (average 60-80 mg) instant coffee, 20-100 mg (average 40-60 mg) decaffeinated coffee, 2-4 mg tea, 10-100 mg (average 40 mg) cocoa, 2-50 mg (average 5 mg) cola drink, 25-60 mg. The maximal daily intake should not exceed about 1 g to avoid unpleasant side effects, e.g. headaches, restlessness. An acute lethal dose is about 5-10 g. 

Use most widely used stimulant in the world Source coffee, tea, cola and other soft drinks, chocolate Recommended daily intake the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advised pregnant women to avoid caffeine-containing foods and drugs, if possible, or consume them only sparingly ... 

In two studies (SEDA-6, 9), there was a relation between caffeine consumption and fetotoxicity. In one, a high rate of spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and prematurity at birth was associated with ingestion of more than 600 mg of caffeine per day by either the mother or the father. In the other, a daily intake of more than eight cups of coffee by the mother increased the frequency of congenital malformations. 

Pregnant women are advised to limit caffeine intake to less than 300 mg (about three cups of coffee) daily (PDR 2006 Sato et al. 1993). Lactating women are advised to limit consumption of caffeinated beverages to two to three cups daily (AAP 2001). 

In rats fed diets containing 6% regular or decaffeinated instant coffee for 2 years, the average coffee intake was 2.9 g/kg daily in males and 3.5 g/kg daily in females, a human equivalent of 70 to 80 cups of coffee daily. In all groups, the... 

Hydroxycinnamic acids such as caifeic, ferulic and coumaric acids occur in a large variety of fruits (see Chapter 7), in concentrations up to 2 g/1 fresh weight (Macheix etal. 1990). Caffeic acid, free or esterified, accoimts for 75-100% of the total hydroxycinnamic acid content of most fruits. The most abundant hydroxycinnamic acid in food is 5- 0-caffeoylquinic acid, the ester of caffeic acid with quinic acid, widely referred to as chlorogenic acid. Coffee is the major dietary source of chlorogenic acids and in the daily intake coffee drinkers may ingest up to 800 mg (Clifford 2000). 

In 1977, the National Academy of Sciences assessed dietary caffeine intakes by Americans. Based on this data, Graham estimated that 82% of people over 18 years consumed caffeine on a daily basis.54 Dietary caffeine was consumed almost entirely in beverages, with coffee as the major source among adults, and tea and coffee the primary contributor for children aged 1 to 17 years. 

Caffeine did not have adverse effect in subjects with adequate calcium intakes near or above 800 mg/d, although daily caffeine intake a2-3 servings of brewed coffee may accelerate bone loss from the spine and total body in women with a low calcium intake. 

The average daily consumption of caffeine for adults in the United States is about 210 mg. Coffee accounts for 60% of the total caffeine consumed in the United States, while soft drinks and tea each represent 16% of the total. In the United Kingdom, by comparison, caffeine intake is twice the American rate, and tea accounts for 72% of the British total. In Scandinavian countries, coffee is the preferred beverage. For instance, in Sweden, coffee makes up 85% of the total per capita of caffeine consumption. Finland is renowned for the practice of brewing particularly potent coffee, boiled and decanted directly from ground beans. 

Caffeine, which is present in coffee, tea, cocoa and cola, but also in various over-the-counter medications, has been shown to be clearly teratogenic in rats in doses comparable to those ingested daily by many people (refs. 30, 47, 55). Vest et al. (ref. 47) found that a dose as small as 5 mg/kg caffeine (comparable to the content of 4 cups of coffee) administered on gestational days 3-19 in the rat, affected not only physical development (e.g. delayed incisor eruption in males and females, vaginal opening in females, slower growing body weight) but also development of the auditory startle reflex, food and water intake, passive and active avoidance at adult age. 

It is quite difhcult to estimate daily phenolic acid consumption because of different nutritional habits of populations or individual preferences. The total intake of polyphenols was estimated at approximately Ig/day and phenolic acids account for about one third (ca. 330mg/day) of this intake. Another independent estimation for phenolic acids was at 200mg/day. Regularly consumed beverages such as wine, coffee, beer, and tea provide a major part of phenolic acids in the diet [61,79,80]. Fruits, fruit juices, and chocolate also constitute a significant part in the diet. Clifford estimates... 

---