Cochineal red

Cochenillen-farbstoff, m. cochineal dye. rot n. cochineal red. -scharlach, m. cochineal scarlet, -schildlaus, /. cochineal insect. Cochenillesaure, /. cochenillic acid. 

Ponceau 4R (E 124, Cl Food Red 7, Cochineal Red A, New Coccine) is a mono azo dye consisting essentially of trisodium d-2-hydroxy-l-(4-sulfonato-l-naphthy-lazo)-6,8-naphthalenedisulfonate. It is a reddish powder or granules, soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol. The absorption maximum is 505 nm in water, E, = 430. It is a suspected carcinogen and cannot be used as a food colorant in the US and other countries. -"... 

Fig. 3.6 Cathodic SWV curves for three quinone dyes and pigments lawson (1, a quasireversible process), alizarin lake (2, a reversible process) and cochineal red (3, a quasireversible process). Scans from open-circuit potential toward negative potentials. Insets the net, forward and backward current components are shown for alizarin lake and cochineal red (reprinted from [186] with permission)...

Figure 2.16 compares the SQWV responses obtained for silk fibbers pigmented with (a) granado (b) alazor (c) curcuma, (d) weld, and (e) cochineal red in contact with acetic/acetate buffer. This voltammetry yields clearly different responses for the involved dyes, thus allowing for an electrochemical identification of pigments in samples. 

Hernan Cortes, who had arrived in America in 1518, did not fail to recognize the commercial value of cochineal. Indeed, the dried insects became the first product exported from the New World to the Old, and Europeans couldn t get enough of that vibrant, beautiful scarlet color. France s famed Gobelin tapestries were tinted with cochineal. There was such demand for the dye that by the sixteenth century Spain was importing half a million pounds of cochineal annually. That s an impressive amount, especially considering that it takes seventy thousand hand-gathered insects to make a pound of the dye. Cochineal red became so popular that it drove kermes into obscurity, and cochineal is still used today. 

Ponceau 4R, new coccine, cochineal red A 124 16255 A Trisodium-2-hydroxyl-l-(4-sulfo-l-naphthylazo)-naphthalene-6,8-disulfonate C20H i N2Na30io5>3 604.48 489- 510... 

The more common and more important red lakes are those of cochineal, red wood, alizarin (or madder) and its derivatives, triphenylmethane dyes (fuchsine), safranine, eosin, developed and sulphonated azo-dyes the last give also orange lakes. 

Runge s materials are animated. They act wilfully, it would seem. Chemicals combine or unite. They marry and split. Runge s scientific language is one of affinity and repulsion. In his text of 1834, Colour Chemistry, Founded on the Chemical Relations of Cotton Thread to Salts and Acids, he notes, for example, the affinity of cotton for different dye substances. These characteristics - such as the instability of cochineal red - form a sort of personality. In the opening pages of Basic Outline of Chemistry of 1848, Runge notes that there are now 59 elements in the world. Each of these has its own characteristics and displays a specific behaviour The chemical behaviour of an element depends on its chemical activity, and this activity is its peculiar expression of life when confronted by another element. 20... 

Thoma and Klimek (115) also found that the natural food colorant curcumin as well as Fast Yellow, chrysoine, apocarotinol, and, cochineal Red A photostabi-lized solutions of nifedipine and nitrofurazone. They also found that vanillin and methyl gallate could stabilize solutions of dihydroergotamine. These authors also found that furosemide was stabilized by the addition of vanillin, haloperidol by benzyl alcohol, and vanillin and thiothixene by quinosol and vanillin. 

However, great cuts in the export of cochineal were experienced a little later, with the growth in production of fuchsine and azo dyestuffs. [51] Nowadays, cochineal is used for colouring of Easter eggs, cosmetics, pUls and drinks (natural food dye E 120), although, also here the synthetic dyestuff Cochineal red A (Ponceau 4R, E 124) is coming into use, e.g. for the colouring of jelly babies. [52-54]... 

Cochineal red A Is a synthetic azo dye used for drinks, sweets, fruit preserves and fish. 

Synonyms Cl 16255 Coccine Coccin red Cochineal Red A Food red 7 7-Hydroxy-8-[(4-sulfo-1 -naphthalenyl) azo]-1,3-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, trisodium salt 1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7-hydroxy-8-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl) azo]-, trisodium salt 1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7-hydroxy-8-((4-sulfo-1-naphthyl) azo)-, trisodium salt New coccine Ponceau 4R 1 -(4-Sulfo-1 -naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-6,8-disulfonic acid, trisodium salt SX purple Trisodium 1-(1-naphthylazo)-2-hydroxynaphthalene-4, 6,8-trisulfonate Classification Monoazo color azobenzene Empirical C2oHi4N2Na30ioS3 Properties M.w. 607.51... 

Cochineal extract. See Cochineal (Coccus cacti) extract Carmine (Coccus cacti) Cochineal Red A. See Acid red 18 Cochineal tincture. See Carminic acid Cochlearia armoracia Cochlearia armoracia extract. See Horseradish (Cochlearia... 

Carmoisine A Chrysoine S Cochineal red A Cresyl fast violet Crystal violet Direct red 83 Eriochrome blue SE Eriochrome black T Eriochrome blue black B Eriochrome black T Eriochrome blue SE Erythrosine FD C red dye No. 2 FD C red dye No. 4 FD C red dye No. 40 Lyrazol fast red Methyl orange Methyl orange Methyl red Methyl red Orange II Orange GGN Quinolidine yellow Para red Phloxine B Ponceau 6R Procion Red Saffron Scarlet GN... 

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