Cocaine powder form

Heat 9.35 g (V) on water bath ten hours with 18.7 g benzoyl-Cl and pour the liquid formed into 250 ml ether evaporate in vacuum. The powder formed on rubbing the residue is dissolved in 85 ml ice water and neutralized with 20% NH4OH. Racemic cocaine (VI) is filtered off, washed with 12 ml ice water and dried over CaCI2. To get the HCI of (VI), dissolve it in seven times its weight of ether containing HCI in ethanol and wash the precipitate with 1 3 methanohether, then ether. 

The powdered form which is usually rock or flaked cocaine diluted with other substances such as lactose or procaine. 

Cocaine is found in several forms. It can be extracted from the coca leaf to form coca paste (basuco, pitillo), which is not water soluble but can be smoked. The paste can be further treated to form cocaine hydrochloride (cocaine powder), which can be dissolved in water and injected, or can be snorted into the nostril. 

Figure 10.1 Drug enforcement agents in the Phillipines surround confiscated bags and vials of ketamine after an apartment raid in May 2005. The drugs had an estimated street value of 150,000 U.S. dollars. In powdered form, ketamine has an appearance similar to cocaine but a vastly different pharmacology.

Not all users of cocaine become addicts. A key factor is the widespread availability of relatively inexpensive cocaine in the alkaloidal (free base, crack ) form suitable for smoking and the hydrochloride powder form suitable for nasal or intravenous use. Drug abuse in males occurs about twice as frequently as in females. However, smoked cocaine use is particularly common in young women of childbearing age, who may use cocaine in this manner as commonly as do males. 

Various types of drug paraphanalia are associated with cocaine use. Cocaine can be snorted in a powder form its use usually involves a mirror, straight edge razor, and a straw. It may be melted into a liquid form for intravenous injection with a syringe, or it may be smoked in a pipe-like apparatus. Other devices can be found with cocaine, such as those used to cut, measure, and test the puritiy of the product, are seen above. 

In its powdered form, ketamine is often mistaken for cocaine or crystal methamphetamine. Reports also indicate that ketamine is sometimes sold as Ecstasy (MDMA) and mixed with other drugs. In all its forms, ketamine is usually sold for 25 to 50 per gram.52... 

Cocaine tends to be used experimentally or intermittently and is usually sniffed in powder form. 

Cocaine as it is known today—in a synthesized form— was first isolated from the coca plant in 1855 by a German chemist named Albert Niemann. A paste is made from the leaves of the plant. Then this paste is heated with hydrochloric acid to produce cocaine hydrochloride. This is the most common form of cocaine the white powder that is separated into fine lines, a few inches long, and then inhaled into the nose. When it is found in powder form, its purity can be anywhere from zero to 90 percent pure. In the form known as crack or rock, it is generally 25 percent to 40 percent pure. 

Its use as a replacement for snuff (a powdered form of tobacco) resulted in cocaine being not only injected intravenously, but also inhaled into the nose. Its addictiveness was not yet widely understood, but this ignorance would not last long. 

You may not know what is in the drug you are taking. Dealers use different techniques to increase the weight of the drug they are selling, thereby increasing their profits. Drain cleaner has been added to crack. The powder form of cocaine may contain PCP, amphetamines. 

Cocaine hydrochloride salt is what is commonly sold as cocaine powder, which has traditionally been injected or snorted. If the cocaine hydrochloride salt is treated with alkali, it reverts into the neutral molecular base. This can be done using baking soda (NaHCOj) to make crack, one form of free cocaine. If the hydrochloride salt is smoked, heating it up destroys most of the cocaine, whereas the molecular base crack form is more volatile,... 

In Britain and America the most common form of cocaine is as a white crystalline powder. Most users sniff it up the nose, often through a rolled banknote or straw, but it can also be made into a solution and injected. Crack is a smokable form of cocaine made into small lumps or rocks . It is usually smoked but can also be prepared for injection. Because it is such a fast-acting drug and the powerful effects wear off quickly, repeated use is common, and since cocaine is a relatively expensive drug it has become closely associated with a rich lifestyle. 

Dissolve 1 g coca paste in 10 ml 3% sulfuric acid, cool to 0° and add with stirring 8 ml 6% KMn04 and 10% sulfuric acid, 1 ml at a time over one hour. Let stand /a hour and add powdered oxalic acid with stirring until the precipitate which has formed dissolves. Extract two times with ether, basify the aqueous solution with NH4OH and extract four times with 18 ml ether. Dry and evaporate in vacuum the ether to get cocaine. The aqueous solution contains ecgonine, which can be converted to cocaine as shown below. 

Once the cocaine has been legally produced from the coca leaf, it is exported to various countries for medicinal use, basically as a topical local anesthetic (applied to the surface, not injected, only treating a particular area). In the United States the crystalline powder is imported to pharmaceutical companies who process and package the cocaine for medical use. Merck Pharmaceutical Company and Mallinckrodt Chemical Works distribute cocaine in crystalline form (Hydrochloride Salt) in dark colored glass bottles to pharmacies and hospitals throughout the United States. Cocaine, in the alkaloid form (base drug containing no additives such as hydrochloride in the crystalline form) is rarely used for medicinal purposes. Cocaine hydrochloride crystals or flakes come in Vs, A and 1 ounce bottles from the manufacturer and has a wholesale price of approximately 20 to 25 per ounce (100% pure). 

By the mid-1980s a new, more potent form of cocaine appeared. Cooking cocaine with baking soda turned it into a rocklike substance that could be smoked. Besides packing a lot of punch for its relatively low price, crack cocaine enticed users who were afraid of needles and the infections (such as HIV/AIDS) they could bring. Crack affected the body differently than powder cocaine ... 

Coca leaves were not used in Europe or the United States because coca leaves do not travel well. But in 1860, a German chemist, Albert Niemann, separated cocaine from the leaf. In doing so, he unleashed the most powerful naturally occurring stimulant. In the salt form (cocaine hydrochloride), which is commonly known as powder cocaine, it travels very well. Soon, large quantities were being consumed abroad. 

Initially, cocaine was thought to be a cure-all, and, like the whole-leaf form, powder cocaine was believed to be non-addictive. Due to this misinforma-... 

FREE BASE The form of cocaine that can be smoked. There are three free-base forms of cocaine coca paste made from processed coca leaves crack (which is made with powder cocaine and sodium bicarbonate) and free base (which is made with powder cocaine, ammonia and ether. This form is rarely used since crack was discovered). All free base is highly addictive. 

Sometimes called bazooka, coca paste is an impure free-base form of cocaine that is smoked. It contains 20-90% cocaine and it is psychoactive. Smokers experience a rush or a spike similar to the effects of smoking crack or injecting powder cocaine. This is fol-... 

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