Cocaine separation

S,opium alkaloids, quinine, cinchonine, nicotine,atropine, cocaine Separation on ion-exchange resins (ligand-exchange LC)... 

Fig. 5-31. Separation of atropine and cocaine. - Separator column IonPac NS1 (10 pm) eluent 0.005 mol/ L sodium octanesulfonate + 0.05 mol/L KH2P04 (pH 4.0) / acetonitrile (77 23 v/v) flow rate 1 mL/min detection UV (220 nm) injection volume 50 pL solute concentrations 10 mg/L morphine sulfate, 20 mg/L ephedrine hydrochloride, 20 mg/L atropine sulfate, and 20 mg/L cocaine hydrochloride.

The color differences between lidocaine and cocaine zones become clearly apparent after 4 h and are stable for about 24 h. They make it possible to identify cocaine and lidocaine in mixtures, even when the two substances are scarcely separated from each other. 

Ettenberg, A. Pettit H.O. Bloom, F.E. and Koob, G.F. Heroin and cocaine intravenous self-administration in rats Mediation by separate neural systems. Psychopharmacology 78 204-209, 1982. 

Drugs have been purified by SPE in the analysis of amphetamine (AM) by Kaleta et al. [98], by various consecutive washing steps with hexane in the analysis of methamphetamine (MA) by Jones-Lepp and Stevens [99], and by simple centrifugation after addition of water, to separate the aqueous extract from a bottom sediment layer and a top fat layer, in the analysis of AM, MA, cocaine (CO), and benzoylecgonine (BE) by Langford et al. [100], who found little improvement in reducing matrix effects when applying SPE cleanup. 

Cocaine can be extracted from the leaves with almost any organic solvent. Moisten the dried, powdered leaves with Na carbonate solution and extract with cold benzene or petroleum ether. Extract the organic solution with small amounts of dilute sulfuric acid and basify the extract with Na carbonate (the alkaloids precipitate). Dissolve the precipitate in ether, separate the ether from the aqueous Na carbonate and dry and evaporate in vacuum the ether. Dissolve the residue in methanol and heat with sulfuric acid or methanol-HCl dilute with water and extract with CHC13. Concentrate and neutralize the aqueous layer and cool to precipitate methylecgonine sulfate, which is converted to cocaine in one step. The alkaloids can also be extracted directly from the powder with dilute sulfuric acid. 

Alternatively, mixture of 4 g (V), 36 ml benzene, 1.6 g Na carbonate and 7 ml benzoyl-Cl stir and heat 96-100° for ten hours. Evaporate in vacuum, cool to 0° and add 40 ml ice water. Acidify with HCI to pH 5 and extract with 3X20 ml ether. Neutralize the aqueous solution with 20% NH4OH to separate an oil from which cocaine precipitates on standing (from JGC 30,3228(1960)). 

Mixture of 1.35 g Na methoxide (Na in methanol), 3.48 g tropinone (which can be obtained by K dichromate oxidation of tropine), 4 ml dimethylcarbonate and 10 ml toluene. Reflux /2 hour, cool to 0° and add 15 ml water containing 2.5 g NH4CI. Extract with 4X50 ml CHCI3, dry and evaporate in vacuum and dissolve the oil in 100 ml ether. Wash two times with a mixture of 6 ml saturated aqueous K carbonate and 3 ml 3N KOH (dry and evaporate in vacuum the ether to recover unreacted tropinone). Take up the oil which separates in saturated aqueous NH4CI and extract it with CHCI3. Dry and evaporate in vacuum to get an oil which is dissolved in hot acetone. Cool, add a little water and rub to start precipitation of 1.5 g 2-carbomethoxytropinone. This is identical with (IV) of method 1, and can be recrystallized and converted to cocaine as already described. 

Increase cocaine concentration from 0 to 10 pM and separate the reaction mixtures as described in Subheading 3.9. 

Fernandez et al. [27] applied HPLC with diode array detection (DAD) to the determination of heroin, methadone, cocaine and metabolites in plasma after mixed-mode SPE. Analytes were separated using a RP8 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 jam particle size) and acetonitrile-phosphate buffer pH 6.53 as mobile phase with elution in the gradient mode. The method, which provides a LLOQ of 0.1 j,g/mL for all compounds, was successfully applied to 21 plasma samples from fatal overdoses. 

The leaves are exhausted with 85% alcohol and acidulated with 2% of sulfuric acid the tincture is treated with milk of lime and filtered the filtrate is neutralized with sulfuric acid, and the alcohol distilled off. The syrupy residue is treated with water to separate resin and then precipitated by sodium carbonate. The deposited matter is exhausted by ether, and the etheral solution, after most of the ether has been distilled, is allowed to evaporate spontaneously. The cocaine is thus obtained in colorless crystals, mixed with a yellowish-brown matter of a disagreeable odor, which is separated by washing with cold alcohol. 

German chemist, Albert Niemann, separates cocaine from the coca leaf. 

Coca leaves were not used in Europe or the United States because coca leaves do not travel well. But in 1860, a German chemist, Albert Niemann, separated cocaine from the leaf. In doing so, he unleashed the most powerful naturally occurring stimulant. In the salt form (cocaine hydrochloride), which is commonly known as powder cocaine, it travels very well. Soon, large quantities were being consumed abroad. 

Regarding gender differences, again the NHSDA separates the statistics for powder cocaine and crack. Males are more likely than females to use powder cocaine. However, males and females are equally likely to use crack in many surveyed cities. Studies indicate that female crack use has been increasing over the past five years. 

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