Cobalt-60 production

Oxahc acid is used in various industrial areas, such as textile manufacture and processing, metal surface treatments (qv), leather tanning, cobalt production, and separation and recovery of rare-earth elements. Substantial quantities of oxahc acid are also consumed in the production of agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other chemical derivatives. 

Co (NH8)5 N08] (N08)2 (c). Lamb and Simmons1 measured the heat of reaction of this substance with aqueous sodium sulfide, the cobalt product being Co2S8 (c). 

The transition metal cobalt has its own artistic history it is used to give a deep blue or sometimes green color to pottery and glass. Anyone who has played with a toy chemistry set has probably made invisible ink, another unusual cobalt product. Invisible ink is made from a compound of cobalt and chlorine. Dissolved in a mixture of water and a common liquid called glycerine, the ink becomes colorless. When a message written in the ink is heated, the water and glycerine break away from the... 

From subsequent work, however, it appears that the product isolated was ClCCo3(CO)9 278). Silicon compounds of the type RSiCo CO) corresponding to one of the germanium-cobalt products of reactions (156), have not yet been made neither has an analog of the spiroderiva-tive Ge[Co2(CO)7]2 191). Synthetic efforts directed towards these systems would be valuable. 

Metal-Based Specialty Chemicals Cobalt Production Refining... 

Kumar and Endicott673 have examined the one-electron oxidation-reduction of [Co([14]aneN4) (H20)(02)]2+ in aqueous solution. Reduction competes successfully with dimerization in this system and even mildly reducing metal ions such as Fe2+ react via an inner-sphere process. Presumably this pathway is preferred owing to the large free-energy changes associated with formation of the p-peroxo adducts. With Fe2+ the adduct is observable as a transient CoOOFe species, which decays to Fe3+ and unspecified cobalt products. 

Cobalt is produced as a coproduct of nickel or copper refining. Copper-cobalt sulfide concentrates can be processed by the RLE process. Mixed cobalt-nickel sulfides can be precipitated from ammoniacal leach solutions and as mixed nickel-cobalt hydroxide or carbonate from acid sulfate leach processes. From chloride leach solutions, cobalt can be separated by solvent extraction. Most cobalt production is associated with nickel production from sulfide and laterite ores. Pressure leaching, solvent extraction followed by the electrowinning of... 

Large amounts of cobalt are produced by chloride hydrometallurgy. The large nickel-producing companies, Falcon-bridge in Norway and Sumitomo in Japan, have similar processes for cobalt production [77]. 

Carry out the following procedure in duplicate (each student prepares two samples of their own cobalt product)... 

Note that, after 10—15 min, it is no longer possible to separate calcium oxalate from the desired cobalt product. Therefore, the first two filtrations must be accomplished in less than 10 min. 

Recently, Callot and Schaeffer [70] found that cobalt(III) porphyrins react with diazoalkanes to produce substituted vinyl cobalt products in good yield (Eqn. 28). 

Attempts to prepare the analogous indium derivative of [((Me3)3SiCH2)2Ga Co(CO)4 ] failed to yield the desired product from the reaction between [((Me3)3SiCH2)2lnCl] and Na[(CO)3Co], but instead gave the unexpected indane cobaltate product [ (CO)4Co 2ln(CH2SiMe3)(THF)]. In all cases, these bimetallic compounds were studied to see if they could be viable candidates in CVD process to afford bimetallic thin films. 

The fact that constant growth parameters will predict the isomer distribution data reasonably is remarkable. It is not necessary that the kinetic constants governing chain growth are independent of chain length and structure but that certain ratios of these parameters are constant. The fraction of tertiary carbons has been reported to decrease with carbon number beyond Cio (i7). The SCG scheme predicts a maximum and subsequent decrease, but the maxima occur at C12-C14 for products considered in this chapter. For the cobalt product, all schemes predict yields of dimethyl species that are often too large by factors of two to four. The simple schemes with constant growth parameters as described here are unable to predict the isomer distribution sensibly for products from fixed-bed iron (16) and from fixed-bed nickel... 

Figure 7-80. Cobalt production by direct decomposition of its dichloride (C0CI2) in atmospherie-pressure thermal plasma. Composition of products (1) C0CI2 ...

Downstream processing is typically complex and is a major component of overall capital cost, especially if separate nickel and cobalt products are produced at site. 

Separation and recovery of nickel and cobalt products is comparatively straightforward and commercially proven methods are available. 

Ability to provide separate nickel and cobalt products. Potential for saleable by-products. 

In 2005, the British Geological Survey published data that indicated that 45% of the world primary cobalt originated from the Shaba province, in the DRC (3). Moreover, no primary cobalt production exists in the USA, which is completely dependent on foreign imports for their cobalt usages. The announced additional supply of cobalt from the HPAL laterite leaching plants has not yet met with expectations. To minimize the risks of supply due to world competition and political instability, it is therefore essential to maximize the recycling of cobalt... 

B. Recycling Cobalt at a Custom Sulphide Smelter. Cobalt-containing alloy scrap have been for many years industrially recycled as custom feeds, for example at the Falconbridge (now Xstrata) smelter in Sudbury, Ontario, together with primary cobalt (and nickel) sulphide concentrates and other scrap (8). In fact, a significant proportion of Sudbury smelter cobalt production derives fi om cobalt originating from custom feeds, in particular alloy scrap. 

In full-sheet cathode cobalt production, cobalt deposits become highly stressed and there is a tendency for them to peel off the blanks. Therefore, it was decided to produce round cobalt buttons in divided cells. A similar product is currently produced by Vale INCO, Canada [7]. Cobalt quality is affected by pitting of the electrodeposit. In the Vale INCO s cobalt recovery process, sodium laurel sulfate (SLS) used for foam stabilization also acts as an anti-pitting agent. [8]. In the Boleo cobalt recovery process, the anolyte is used to strip cobalt from the cobalt-loaded organic solution. Sodium laurel sulfate in the anolyte interferes with cobalt stripping and even extraction by causing problems with phase separation. Sodium laurel sulfate can therefore not be used in conjunction with a solvent extraction process. 

After the sharp decrease in cobalt production from GECAMINES, some new plants were erected which treated locally the collected heterogenite ore in quite efficient small electrical furnaces. There was no separation between the white and the red alloys. In fact, the improperly called white alloy presently produced had a relatively dark purple color. Hereunder are data for typical pyrometallurgical operation of an electric furnace in the Democratic Republic of Congo. 

A cobalt-arsenic ore is known in the Cobalt Belt in Idaho, USA, but the mine in Blackbird was closed in 1959. Plans for new mining and cobalt production in Idaho have been reported. 

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