Small Electric Furnace

The furnace and thermostatic mortar. For heating the tube packing, a small electric furnace N has been found to be more satisfactory than a row of gas burners. The type used consists of a silica tube (I s cm. in diameter and 25 cm. long) wound with nichrome wire and contained in an asbestos cylinder, the annular space being lagged the ends of the asbestos cylinder being closed by asbestos semi-circles built round the porcelain furnace tube. The furnace is controlled by a Simmerstat that has been calibrated at 680 against a bimetal pyrometer, and the furnace temperature is checked by this method from time to time. The furnace is equipped with a small steel bar attached to the asbestos and is thus mounted on an ordinary laboratory stand the Simmerstat may then be placed immediately underneath it on the baseplate of this stand, or alternatively the furnace may be built on to the top of the Simmerstat box. 

The furnace. For heating the tube packing, a small electric furnace E is used, similar to that described in the carbon and hydrogen determination. It is 22 cm. in length and 1 5 cm. in diameter. The furnace is maintained at 680 C., as before, by a calibrated Simmerstat and its temperature is checked from time to time with a bimetal pyrometer. 

Since detailed chemical structure information is not usually required from isotope ratio measurements, it is possible to vaporize samples by simply pyrolyzing them. For this purpose, the sample can be placed on a tungsten, rhenium, or platinum wire and heated strongly in vacuum by passing an electric current through the wire. This is thermal or surface ionization (TI). Alternatively, a small electric furnace can be used when removal of solvent from a dilute solution is desirable before vaporization of residual solute. Again, a wide variety of mass analyzers can be used to measure m/z values of atomic ions and their relative abundances. 

For continuous melting of domestic and technical glass, small electric furnaces have been developed a longitudinal cross section of one such type is shown in Fig. 102. At the working end, the temperature is controlled by resistance heating elements. The direction of melt flow is shown by the arrow. All-electric furnaces have to be heated up by auxiliary gas burners since the cold batch does not conduct electrically. 

A small electric furnace will make a valuable addition to the experimenter s laboratory. It will provide... 

Since gas samples can thus be introduced through nozzles, the furnace part at the bottom of the cryostat (Fig. 5, e) was replaced by an optical window for simultaneous irradiation with light. For vaporizing non-volatile inorganic compounds, the small electric furnace was attached to the setup (Figs. 5 and 6). 

Flask a is then cooled with liquid nitrogen, the apparatus is evacuated, and g is heated with a small electric furnace. When g reaches 300°C, a and d are opened and is closed. Now i> is cooled instead of a. The temperature of g is then elevated to 340°C. The reaction begins at 350°C. After all material distills into b, both a and d are closed and the material is redistilled into a via e. This is repeated until sufficient GeClg is obtained in/. 

The MOR was measured in 3-point bending using an Instron mechanical tester equipped with a small electric furnace. The cross-head speed was 0.25 mm/minute and the span was 32 mm. 

After the sharp decrease in cobalt production from GECAMINES, some new plants were erected which treated locally the collected heterogenite ore in quite efficient small electrical furnaces. There was no separation between the white and the red alloys. In fact, the improperly called white alloy presently produced had a relatively dark purple color. Hereunder are data for typical pyrometallurgical operation of an electric furnace in the Democratic Republic of Congo. 

The carrier gas (1) can pass either directly from the stopcock (2) through the chromatographic column or through the sampling tube. For introduction of the sample this tube (4) is flash heated to about 130 C by a small electric furnace (3) positioned immediately above the injection port (5). 

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