Cobalt ammonium chlorides

Aqueous ammonia can also behave as a weak base giving hydroxide ions in solution. However, addition of aqueous ammonia to a solution of a cation which normally forms an insoluble hydroxide may not always precipitate the latter, because (a) the ammonia may form a complex ammine with the cation and (b) because the concentration of hydroxide ions available in aqueous ammonia may be insufficient to exceed the solubility product of the cation hydroxide. Effects (a) and (b) may operate simultaneously. The hydroxyl ion concentration of aqueous ammonia can be further reduced by the addition of ammonium chloride hence this mixture can be used to precipitate the hydroxides of, for example, aluminium and chrom-ium(III) but not nickel(II) or cobalt(II). 

Treatment of 4-substituted phthalic acid derivative 3 with cobalt(II) sulfate, urea, ammonium chloride and ammonium molybdate(VI) in nitrobenzene at 180°C for six hours provided phthalocyanine 4 in 80% yield.421... 

An ionic compound is named with the cation name first, followed by the name of the anion the word ion is omitted in each case. The oxidation number of the cation is given if more than one charge is possible. However, if the cation comes from an element that exists in only one charge state (as listed in Fig. C.6), then the oxidation number is omitted. Typical names include potassium chloride (KC1), a compound containing K+ and Cl" ions and ammonium nitrate (NH4NOs), which contains NH4+ and NO3" ions. The cobalt chloride that contains Co2+ ions (CoCl,) is called cobalt(II) chloride C0CI3 contains Co3+ ions and is called cobalt(III) chloride. 

Another catalytic system which has been successfully applied to the autoxidation of substituted toluenes involves the combination of Co/Br" with a quaternary ammonium salt as a phase transfer catalyst (ref. 20). For example, cobalt(II) chloride in combination with certain tetraalkylammonium bromides or tetraalkylphosphonium bromides afforded benzoic acid in 92 % yield from toluene at 135-160 °C and 15 bar (Fig. 19). It should be noted that this system does not require the use of acetic acid as solvent. The function of the phase transfer catalyst is presumably to solubilize the cobalt in the ArCH3 solvent via the formation of Q + [CoBr]. ... 

AM cobalt(ll) chloride (CoCI2) saturated ammonium chloride solution (NH4CI) saturated sodium chloride solution (NaCI)... 

ABS AE AE/P AES AG AOS APEO APG AS BiAS BM c6(EO)3 CNPEC CTAS D DATS DCPEG DEEDMAC branched alkylbenzene sulfonate alcohol ethoxylate alcohol ethoxylate/propoxylate alkylether sulfate alkyl glucamide a-olefin sulfonate alkylphenol ethoxylate alkyl polyglucoside alkyl sulfate bismuth active substances alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium triethylene glycol monohexyl ether carboxylated nonylphenoxy carboxylates cobalt thiocyanate active substances R2S10(o.5)2 dialkyl tetralinsulfonate dicarboxylated PEG ditallow ester of di(hydroxyethyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride... 

These salts are formed from dilute ammoniacal solutions of cobaltous salts in air, or by heating aquo-pentammino-salts with ammonia. Frequently they are obtained as decomposition products of acido-pentammino-salts. They may be obtained directly from the corresponding cobaltous salt by heating with excess of ammonia and ammonium chloride,2 or from the corresponding ammonium salt by addition of lead peroxide to the aqueous solution. 

Hexammino - cobaltic Chloride, or Luteo-cobaltic Chloride, [Co(NH3)8]Cl3.—Several methods of preparation have been described. The best method is that of Jorgensen,1 whereby the salt is prepared by warming chloro-pentammino-cobaltic chloride, [Co(NH3)5C l]Cl2. in a pressure flask with 20 per cent, aqueous ammonia and ammonium chloride for several hours with constant shaking. After cooling, the mixture is removed from the flask and ammonia allowed to evaporate. The liquid is then diluted, hydrochloric acid added, and the whole heated on the water-bath, thus changing any aquo-pentammino-chloride into ehloro-pentammino-ehloride. More concentrated hydrochloric acid is added and the mixture cooled and filtered. The residue on the filter consists of ammonium chloride, chloro-pentammino-chloride, and hexammino-cobaltic chloride. Ammonium chloride is removed by treating with a 20 per cent, solution of hydrochloric acid, and the residue is then treated on a filter with cold water in which chloro-pentammino-cobaltic chloride is insoluble and hexammino-cobaltic chloride soluble. The salt is precipitated from its warm solution by the addition of half its volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid. 

Chloro-pentammino-cobaltic chloride was first prepared by the oxidation of an ammoniaeal solution of cobaltous chloride containing ammonium chloride and the subsequent precipitation of the oxidation product with hydrochloric aeid. It is the best known and the longest known of the cobalt-ammines. 

The substance is best prepared by dissolving cobaltous carbonate in the smallest possible quantity of hydrochloric acid, treating the cold solution with a mixture of concentrated aqueous ammonia and ammonium carbonate, and oxidising by means of a stream of air drawn through the liquid. When oxidation is complete ammonium chloride is added and the whole evaporated to a syrup dilute hydrochloric acid is added to remove carbon dioxide, and the liquid is saturated with ammonia gas to decompose any tetrammino-salt formed. On the addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid the salt crystallises out on cooling.6... 

Chloro-pentammino-cobaltic chloride forms carmine-red rhombic crystals which are slightly soluble in water, insoluble in water containing hydrochloric aeid or ammonium chloride, and insoluble in alcohol. The aqueous solution is decomposed on warming, and the compound,... 

That is, a mixture of 1-, 2-diaquo-tetrammino-cobaltic chloride and 1-, 2-diehloro-tetranimino-cobaltic chloride is formed. The aquo-salt is readily soluble in water but the diehloro-salt sparingly so. The last named forms intense blue crystals which are contaminated with small quantities of the praseo-salt, from which it may be freed by transforming it into the dithionate. The dithionate is practically insoluble, but the chloride may be regenerated from it by rubbing it with ammonium chloride. The bromide, the iodide, and the nitrate have all been prepared. 

Ammonium Tetranitrito - diammino - cobaltate, [Co(XH3)2 (N02)4]NH4, is prepared from cobaltous chloride by mixing an aqueous solution of the salt with aqueous ammonium-chloride solution, sodium nitrite, and ammonia, and oxidising the mixture by passing air through it for several hours. The solution is allowed to stand in air for some days, when crystals gradually separate. These are collected, washed, and reerystallised from water.3 The substance crystallises in brown rhombic prisms. It is decomposed on treatment with potassium hydroxide with evolution of ammonia, and a cold solution reacts with ammonia in presence of ammonium salts, with formation of flavo-dinitro double salts, of which [Co(NH3)4(N02)2][Co(NH3)2(N02)4] is typical. Oxalic acid transforms it into the oxalato-dinitrito-diammino-salt, [Co(NH3)2(N02)2(C204)]NH4. 

Potassium Tetranitrito - diammino - cobaltate, [Co(NH3)3 (N02)4]K.—The salt is produced by treating cobaltous chloride with excess of ammonium chloride and potassium nitrite, and warming the liquid to 50° C. It is then allowed to stand at low temperature for several hours, when crystals separate. They are dissolved in boiling water, filtered. and cooled, when lustrous browm rhombic crystals separate. The salt may be obtained from the ammonium salt by treating a warm aqueous solution with potassium acetate. 

Whilst preparing hexammino-triol-dicobaltic sulphate from chloro-diaquo-triammino-cobaltic sulphate, Werner 1 obtained a reddish-brown mother-liquor, and on cooling this he obtained from it a green precipitate on the addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid. On dissolving this in water containing a little acetic acid and adding sodium sulphate, the impure hexammino-hexol-tricobaltic sulphate separates. This is collected, treated with ammonium chloride, and greenish-brown crystals of the pure chloride obtained. 

Synonym Gamma-Chloropropylene Oxide 3-Chloro-1,2-Propylene Oxide Chlorosulfonic Acid Chlorothene Chiorotoluene, Alpha Alpha-Chlorotoluene Omega-Chlorotoluene Chlorotrifluoroethylene Chlorotrimethylsilane Chlorsulfonic Acid Clilorylen Clip Chromic Acid Chromic Anhydride Chromic Oxide Chromium (VI) Dioxychloride Chromium Oxychloride Chromium Trioxide Chromyl Chloride Cianurina Citric Acid Citric Acid, Diammonium Salt Clarified Oil Clorox Cc Ral Coal Tar Oil Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Acetate Tetrahydrate Cobalt (II) Acetate Cobalt Chloride Cobalt (II) Chloride Cobaltous Acetate Cobaltous Chloride Cobaltous Chloride Dihydrate Cobaltous Chloride Hexahydrate Cobaltous Nitrate Cobaltous Nitrate Hexahydrate Cobaltous Sulfate Heptahydrate Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt (II) Nitrate Cobalt Sulfate Compound Name Epichlorohydrin Epichlorohydrin Chlorosulfonic Acid Trichloroethane Benzyl Chloride Benzyl Chloride Benzyl Chloride Trifluorochloroethylene Trimethylchlorosilane Chlorosulfonic Acid Trichloroethylene Cumene Hydroperoxide Chromic Anhydride Chromic Anhydride Chromic Anhydride Chromyl Chloride Chromyl Chloride Chromic Anhydride Chromyl Chloride Mercuric Cyanide Citric Acid Ammonium Citrate Oil Clarified Sodium Hypochlorite Coumaphos Oil Coal Tar Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Sulfate Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Sulfate... 

The 0.5 M NH Cl wash of the ion exchange column is a good decontamination step for rubidium radioisotopes and also removes some cobalt and vanadium. Often, the ammonium chloride and the a-HIB solutions appear blue-green which probably results from massive amounts of copper from the target packaging. Both of these column... 

Preparation of Ammonium Hexafluocobaltate(II). Preparation of a Cobalt(II) Chloride Solution. Assemble an apparatus (see Fig. 116), replacing dropping funnel 2 with a gas-discharge tube. Put... 

Preparation of Ammonium Hexafluocobaltate lI). Dissolve 1.5 g of ammonium fluoride in 100 ml of methanol. Why should methanol be taken Filter the solution. While stirring the ammonium fluoride solution, add to it a cobalt(II) chloride solution up to complete precipitation. Separate the product with the aid of a glass filter No. 2 (270 mesh) and wash it with ether (why is this washing necessary ). Dry the product in the air, weigh it, and calculate its yield in per cent. 

Substituting cobalt chloride for the nitrate, proceed as in Exercise 68, following the directions until the oxidation is complete and a deep red solution is obtained. Add 5 g. of ammonium chloride and evaporate the solution to a syrup. Then add dilute hydrochloric acid to decompose all carbonate and saturate the solution with ammonia gas to decompose any tetrammine salt that may be present. Add an excess of concentrated hydro-... 

Prepare a cold solution of 27 g. of sodium nitrite and 20 g. of ammonium chloride in 150 cc. of water and to this add a solution of 18 g. of crystallized cobalt chloride in 50 cc. of water. To the solution so obtained, add 100 cc. of concentrated ammonium hydroxide (20 per cent). Through this solution, draw a rapid current of air for about 3 hr. to oxidize the cobalt, by which time it should be brown in color and somewhat viscous. Pour the solution into an evaporating dish and set it aside in the open air under a hood for three or four days. Filter off by suction the crystals that have been slowly depositing and wash them with successive portions of cold water until the filtrate no longer gives a test for chloride ion. 

Hexammino-vanadium Trichloride, [V(NH3)6]C13.—The similarity between the trichlorides of iron and vanadium is further shown in their behaviour towards ammonia. At ordinary temperatures ammonia reacts with vanadium trichloride to produce vanadium nitride, VN, and ammonium chloride, but if liquid ammonia is poured over vanadium trichloride, a quantitative yield of a reddish-brown salt, [V(NH3)6]C13, is obtained, which recalls the hexammines of cobalt and chromium. The ammonia molecules are not, however, very firmly held, and the compound is, therefore, more comparable with the corresponding hexammine of ferric chloride, [Fe(NH3)6]Cl3. 

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