Coaxial injection

Essentially three reactor concepts were developed and studied [93-99] tubular reactor (e.g. [93-95]), tank reactor with the reaction zone in the upper part and a cooling zone in the lower part of the tank to dissolve the salts (e.g. [96]), and the transpiring wall reactor with an inner porous pipe which is rinsed with water to prevent salt deposits on the wall (e.g. 94, 97-99]. A fourth concept is the hydro-thermal burner, which cools the wall by coaxial injection of large amounts of water [100]. As oxidants, mainly air, oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide were tested. Mostly Ni-based alloys were used as reactor construction materials. 

Typically it took about 160 to 200 seconds to inject a pulse of about 455 kg coarse tracer particles into the bed pneumatically from the coaxial solid feed tube. It can be clearly seen from Figs. 38 to 42 that the tracer particle concentration increases from essentially zero to a final equilibrium value, depending on the location of the sampling port. The steady state was usually reached within about 5 minutes. There is considerable scatter in the data in some cases. This is to be expected because the tracer concentration to be detected is small, on the order of 4%, and absolute uniformity of mixing inside a heterogeneous fluidized bed is difficult to obtain. 

Figure 6.1 shows the apparatus diagram. The diffusion flame burner consisted of an air plenum with an exit diameter of 22 mm, forced at a Strouhal number of 0.73 (100 Hz) by a single acoustic driver, and a coaxial fuel injection ring of diameter 24 mm, fed by a plenum forced by two acoustic drivers at either 100 Hz (single-phase injection) or 200 Hz (dual-phase injection). The fuel was injected circumferentially directly into the shear layer and roll-up region for the air vortices. In addition, this fuel injection was sandwiched between the central air flow and the external air entrainment. Thus the fuel injection was a thin cylindrical flow acted upon from both sides by air flow. 

Typical HDPE—blow-molded products bottles, cans, trays, drums, tanks, and pails injection-molded products housewares, toys, food containers, cases, pails, and crates films, pipes, bags, conduit, wire and cable coating, foam, insulation for coaxial and communication cables... 

Coaxial groundwater ventilation (German abbreviation KGB) technology is used in the remediation of groundwater and of perched water contaminated with volatile hydrocarbons. It can also be employed to inject oxygen into the groundwater for the enhancement of microbial... 

The electron gun is located at the outer wall of the accelerating cavity, and the electrons are injected into the cavity at a voltage of abouf 35-40 kV. The cavify is cooled by a water jacket on the inner coaxial conductor and at the end flanges and by discrefe water channels along the outer diameter. The system is designed to operate with a 2 MW cooling tower up to an outside temperature of 35°C (95°F). Therefore, no water chiller is required. The RF amplifier defects and follows changes in fhe resonant frequency of the cavity so that accurate control of the cavity temperature is not required. 

The different parts of a flame detector must be rigid. If bumping the gas chromatograph moves the collector momentarily by 0.1 mm, the capacitance between the collector and the rest of the detector may decrease (or increase) by perhaps 0.1 pF. If the collector is polarized at 300 V, this change in capacitance injects a spike of 30 pC into the electrometer. At the typical flame sensitivity, this spike is equivalent to a very narrow peak of half a pg, a readily detectable amount. The coaxial cable from the detector to the electrometer is also a capacitor sensitive to vibration. It also suffers from triboelectricity (charge... 

The technical term for this is hydrodynamic focusing, flow of a sample stream within the center core of a sheath stream is called coaxial flow. The exact diameter of that central sample core within the sheath stream is related to, among other things, the rate at which the sample is injected into the sheath stream a 100 pm sheath stream may, depending on sample injection velocity, have a core width of perhaps 5-20 pm (Fig. 3.4). Because hydrodynamic focusing tends to confine the cell sample to this central core, there is little mixing of sample with sheath fluid (but diffusion of small molecules will occur). The reason that this type of coaxial sample flow suits flow cytometry... 

An entirely new principle of the ion-trap mass spectrometers is the Orbitrap with a coaxial inner spindle-shaped electrode in an outer barrel-like electrode. The peripheral injected ions move due to their electrostatic attraction to the inner electrode on orbits around and swing simultaneously along the electrode. The frequency of these harmonic oscillations is inversely proportional to the square root of mJz. The detected signals are induced by the frequency of these swings and resulted... 

A variety of laboratory instruments have been used to measure the viscosity of polymer melts and solutions. The most common types are the coaxial cylinder, cone-and-plate, and capillary viscometers. Figure 11 -28 shows a typical flow curve for a thermoplastic melt of a moderate molecular weight polymer, along with representative shear rate ranges for cone-and-plate and capillary rheometers. The last viscometer type, which bears a superficial resemblance to the orifice in an extruder or injection molder, is the most widely used and will be the only type considered in this nonspecialized text. 

Fuel Injection/Premix Section, As is seen from Figure 2, premixing is accomplished via a coaxial flow scheme where the fuels are injected at the bell-mouthed entry to a 5.22-cm (2.07-in.) diameter straight cylindrical tube, 20.32 cm (8.00 in.) long. The flow area provides a space... 

The fuel injector is a pPL-fabricated device designed to inject finely atomized jet fuel and gaseous hydrogen coaxially into the air stream. The injector assembly consists of a three-section feed maniFold to which an atomizer head is attached as shown in Figure 2. A photograph of the atomizer is shown in Figure 3. 

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