Pin-shaped electrode

A GD-MS method has been developed for the analysis of microliter volumes of aqueous solutions which permitted the long-term acquisition of data [656]. Samples were either adsorbed on pin-shaped electrodes prepared by pressing high-... 

Combination of free-ended beam-shaped gel and arrays of multiple electrodes Convex shape, asymmetry shape. Concave shape, 6 shape. Hair-pin shape, righting motion (chapter 5 and 8)... 

Conditions gap distance 6.0 nun C2H5OH cone., 50 mDl% pinhole diameter, 1.0 mm diaphrapn thickness, 1.0 mm shapes of electrodes, pin-to-pin type (Type A). 

In heterogeneous electron transfer experiments, the gold electrode with a monolayer film is placed in contact with the solution containing a redox couple [such as Fe(CN)63-/Fe(CN)64- etc.]60-63. The shape of the cyclic voltammogram depends on how effectively the monolayer blocks access for the redox probe to the electrode surface. This method is therefore invaluable for permeability studies. Absence of redox waves close to the formal potential of the probe indicates that the monolayer is completely impermeable for redox probe species. On the other hand, the presence of a redox wave shows either that the monolayer is loosely packed and easily penetrated by external molecules, or the presence of numerous defects and pin-holes in the monolayer. 

There are a number of experimental aspects which affect biological DEP. One wants and indeed needs a nonuniform electric field to cause DEP. A variety of electrode shapes can be used, including pin-pin, wire-wire, pin-plate, and isomotive geometries. These are sketched in Figure 5. The isomotive electrode system is one designed to produce a constant DEP force over a finite region of a DEP chamber. It is particularly useful for analytical and in delicately comparative experiments. The pin-pin and wire-wire electrodes are relatively easy to construct and handle. 

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