CMOS-Camera

A sensor configuration employing these cones is shown in Figure 15 Fluorescence from the luminescent spots is excited from behind the platform using an appropriate source (LED s in this case), is subsequently emitted via total internal reflection through the sensor chip and is detected by a CMOS camera, which is positioned behind the chip. For the purposes of intensity comparisons, luminescent spots are also deposited directly onto the planar surface of the chip and excited along with those deposited on the cones. 

In order to verify the enhancement provided by the cones, a sol-gel layer doped with a fluorescent ruthenium complex was deposited onto a chip in a configuration similar to that shown in Figure 15. Blue LED excitation of the fluorescent sol-gel layers was employed. The resultant fluorescence was recorded using a CMOS camera and the resultant image is shown in Figure 16. 

Fig. 4. (a) Setup for chip-size spectrometer calibration, (b) Snapshot of CMOS camera. 

Night-vision systems have already been introduced in very low volumes in some upscale automobiles. Their function is based on either infrared-sensitive array detectors or a CMOS camera combined with active near-infrared illumination of the scene. The night vision approach further completes the idea of a sensitive car . 

In the main there are two kinds of technologies for digital color cameras, the CCD (Charged Coupled Device) and the CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor). While CCD cameras deliver images with a better quality and are more sensitive for low emittance, CMOS cameras are often used as high-speed cameras. Today, common CMOS high-speed cameras are able to record up to 32,000 images in a second. 

In the laboratories of the authors, simultaneous PIT/PIV measurements with TLCs are performed and a flow in a mini chaimel is investigated (Fig. 10). The illumination is done by two 250 W halogen cold light sources, and the images are acquired by a high-speed color CMOS camera with a long-distance microscope. With this measurement setup, measurements with a frequency... 

A very weU established non-intrusive technique to measure velocities in flows is the particle image velocimetiy (PIV). The adaptation of macroscopic PIV using a microscope was first described by Santiago et al. in 1998 [1] and successfully applied to microchannel flows. A schematic of a common setup is shown in Fig. 2 on the left side. The flow is seeded with small fluorescent tracer particles that should follow the fluid motion faithfully. Typically, lasers or LEDs are used to illuminate the particles twice with a short time separation At. The light emitted by the fluorescent particles at time t and t + At is recorded on individual frames of a CCD or (s) CMOS camera and the shift between... 

Castleman WL 2004 Resolution and 50% MTF with Canon CMOS and film cameras, comparison among the canon EOS-lDs, EOS-1D Mark II, 20D, D60 and EOS-lV/Astia F100 film http //www.wlcastleman.com/equip/reviews/index.htm. 

CCD cameras have also been used for multichannel fluorescent detection. However, the use of the CCD detector suffers from the need to read out the entire image content information in order to determine the pixel intensity at the flow channel location. Accordingly, a CMOS imager was used. This method offers direct control over individual pixels, and can provide much faster response times and longer integration times for those desired pixels [252]. 

As a last feature we will discuss the slight oscillations added to the spectrum measured with the chip-size spectrometer. These are caused by Fabiy-Perot oscillations within the protection layer on top of the CMOS chip in the camera. An appropriate anti-reflection coating on top of the protection layer will efficiently remove this artifact. Moreover, for a real device the protection layer will be replaced by depositing the graded filter directly on top of the CMOS chip. 

S ample 31 quartz fragment was placed on a Linkam heating-cooling stage mounted on a Olympus BHS microscope. Its temperature was allowed to vary (Fig. 4). Phase changes in the inclusion were observed with a x50 LWD objective and were recorded using a Marlin black and white camera (CMOS 2/3" sensor, 15 pictures/s). 

Fig. 7.8.7 shows the development steps of the Bosch camera module. A stereo video camera for automotive application can be produced as a compact unit to be mounted at the upper rim of the front window of the car. Fig. 7.8.8 shows the unit. It consists of two camera heads with a nonlinear CMOS sensor each, and the camera optics, both mounted into a housing, which can be hermetically sealed. The camera heads are connected to a powerful computer for image processing. The power required depends on the functions. 

E. Fossum. CMOS image sensors electronic camera-on-a-chip. IEEE Trans. On Electronic Devices, Oct. 1997, pp. 1689 - 1698. 

It is very common to confuse the definition of optical sensor resolution with other optical system features. Different optical sensors are conceived to detect spatial differences in electromagnetic energy, as, for example, digital cameras (CCD and CMOS), tube detectors (vidicon and plumbicon), and pyroelectric and microbolometer detectors. Such optical sensors are able to resolve differences in the variations of the electromagnetic field. This ability depends... 

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